1015 10 20655 http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/218f651469e4217db8dfdfa194cba1df.pdf 3f995094f674b7650f8ed85885433e2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Immune Response and Immunopathology of COVID-19 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gert Folkerts, Esmaeil Mortaz, Esmaeil Mortaz, Payam Tabarsi, Mohammad Varahram, Ian M. Adcock, Ian M. Adcock Description An account of the resource Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1960s and are named due to their crown-like shape. Sometimes, but not often, a coronavirus can infect both animals and humans. An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 previously known as 2019-nCoV) was identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as it spread throughout China and subsequently across the globe. As of 14th July 2020, a total of 13.1 million confirmed cases globally and 572,426 deaths had been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the β-coronavirus family and shares extensive genomic identity with bat coronavirus suggesting that bats are the natural host. SARS-CoV-2 uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as that for SARS-CoV, the coronavirus associated with the SARS outbreak in 2003. It mainly spreads through the respiratory tract with lymphopenia and cytokine storms occuring in the blood of subjects with severe disease. This suggests the existence of immunological dysregulation as an accompanying event during severe illness caused by this virus. The early recognition of this immunological phenotype could assist prompt recognition of patients who will progress to severe disease. Here we review the data of the immune response during COVID-19 infection. The current review summarizes our understanding of how immune dysregulation and altered cytokine networks contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 patients. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource SARS-CoV, coronavirus, pathogenesis, SARS-CoV-2, cytokines storm, IL-6 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02037 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Immunologic diseases. Allergy http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/c10a551ee177a750d4653dd766e87cf4.pdf 39cb07bd0e858c66386d07c8e6685a77 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Knowledge and Precautionary Behavioral Practice Toward COVID-19 Among Health Professionals Working in Public University Hospitals in Ethiopia: A Web-Based Survey Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Girma S, Alenko A, Agenagnew L Description An account of the resource Shimelis Girma,1 Arefayne Alenko,1 Liyew Agenagnew2 1Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; 2Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Shimelis Girma Email shimelisgirma@gmail.comBackground: The novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, causes massive death, threatens the life and health of the world population. Thousands of health professionals were died and tested positive.Objective: This study was designed to determine knowledge and precautionary behavior practice for coronavirus disease-19 among health professionals working in public university hospitals in Ethiopia.Methods: A web-based online survey was conducted on health professionals working in Ethiopian public university hospitals. A survey questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic, coronavirus disease knowledge questions and precautionary behavioral practice. The survey questions were designed using Google form. All health professionals working (academic and clinical staff) in university hospitals were invited to participate in the online survey carried out from May 1 to 14, 2020. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24.0. Descriptive statistics were computed, and tables and figures were used to present the results. Linear regression analysis was used to identify knowledge-related factors independently associated with precautionary behavior practice.Results: A total of 273 health professionals participated in this study. The mean (&plusmn; SD) age of participants was 31.03 &plusmn; 5.11. Two-third (61.5%) and one-fourth (26%) of participants attended second degree and medical doctors, respectively. More than one-fourth of the study participants (27.5%) reported social media as the source of information. In this study, we found a significant gap between the level of knowledge and practical implementation of the recommended precautionary measures, especially for wearing masks and gloves. The final multiple linear regression analysis indicated a positive association between knowledge of the source of infection, incubation period, and mode of disease transmission with recommended behavioral practice.Conclusion and Recommendation: There was a significant gap in the implementation of the behavioral practice, especially for wearing masks and gloves. Therefore, there is a need to motivate and monitor health professionals&rsquo; adherence to recommended precautionary measures.Keywords: COVID-19, knowledge, precautionary health behavior, Ethiopia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, Knowledge, Ethiopia, precautionary health behavior Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biotemas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Public aspects of medicine http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/08254bc383036c65f347cc275ab47626.pdf e6c8fb67f0610cc095b1c8439ac8252d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 and Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Postpartum Patient Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zohre Khodamoradi, Shahrokh Sadeghi Boogar, Farnaz Kamali Haghighi Shirazi, Pariya Kouhi Description An account of the resource We report a 36-year-old woman in Iran who sought care for left shoulder pain and cough 5 days after a scheduled cesarean section. Acute pulmonary embolism and coronavirus disease were diagnosed. Physicians should be aware of the potential for these concurrent conditions in postpartum women. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, 2019 novel coronavirus disease, respiratory diseases, Coronavirus diseases Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3201/eid2608.201383 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Emerging Infectious Diseases Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/f0d83b2b7b03786330259ece053469d8.pdf cb6885331f40d2686bf7d34a62a92566 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sex-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mortality: Among Hormone-Modulated ACE2 Expression, Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Hypovitaminosis D Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sandro La Vignera, Rosita A. Condorelli, Rossella Cannarella, Aldo E. Calogero, Antonio Aversa, Francesco Torre Description An account of the resource Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) appears to have a higher mortality rate in presence of comorbidities and in men. The latter suggests the presence of a possible sex-dependent susceptibility. An enzymatic system involved in this different predisposition could be represented by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is activated and down-regulated by the spike protein of the virus and allows the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into epithelial cells and myocardium. Data on the experimental animal have shown that 17ß-estradiol increases the expression and activity of ACE2 in both adipose tissue and kidney. Spontaneously hypertensive male mice have a higher myocardial ACE2 expression than females and its levels decrease after orchiectomy. In addition to this first aspect, the recent evidence of an increased frequency of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (a clinical element associated with a worse prognosis) calls the attention on the safety of treatment with testosterone, in particular in hypogonadal men with greater genetic predisposition. Evidence that sex hormones are able to modulate the expression of ACE2 could help in interpreting epidemiological results and in designing more appropriate intervention strategies. Moreover, the vitamin D deficiency in elderly men may be worthy of further study regarding the epidemiological aspects of this different susceptibility and lethality between sexes. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, vitamin D deficiency, Gender differences, ACE2: venous thromboembolism Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/ijms21082948 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General), Chemistry http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/446bcb55232bcb6ffb9104f5cd6e2f26.pdf 72b2b636a09cb4745f0dcc30f6925bd2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Listening to Hospital Personnel’s Narratives during the COVID-19 Outbreak Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shir Daphna-Tekoah, Talia Megadasi Brikman, Eric Scheier, Uri Balla Description An account of the resource Healthcare workers (HCWs) facing the COVID-19 pandemic are required to deal with unexpectedly traumatic situations, concern about contamination, and mounting patient deaths. As a means to address the changing needs of our hospital’s HCWs, we conducted a narrative analysis study in the early stages of the covid-19 outbreak. A focus group of medical experts, conducted as the initial step, recommended that a bottom-up research tool be used for exploring HCWs’ traumatic experiences and needs. We therefore conducted 450 semi-structured in-depth interviews with hospital personnel. The interviews were based on Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs model, and the narratives were analyzed by applying the Listening Guide methodology. The interviewees expressed a need for physical and psychological security in the battle against Covid-19, in addition to the need for attachment and meaning. Importantly, we also found that the interview itself may serve as a therapeutic tool. In light of our findings, we recommended changes in hospital practices, which were subsequently implemented. Further research on HCWs’ traumatic experiences and needs will provide evidence-based knowledge and may enable novel approaches in the battle against Covid-19. To conclude, the knowledge generated by listening to HCWs’ narratives may provide suitable support programs for professionals. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19 pandemic, Health care professionals, First Responders, listening guide Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/ijerph17176413 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/0f9d3eee45c6b241a3bb669977893708.pdf d3f6b27bb1690f05efc8f21939bbb688 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Comparison of the Flow Rate and Speed of Vehicles on a Representative Road Section before and after the Implementation of Measures in Connection with COVID-19 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Veronika Harantová, Ambróz Hájnik, Alica Kalašová Description An account of the resource Transport is an inseparable part of the life of all citizens. At the beginning of the year, the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world. Individual states have taken strict measures to prevent its spread among the population. Due to this fact, the government of the Slovak Republic has issued restrictions on the closure of public spaces (schools, shopping centres, restaurants, bars, etc.). These restrictions have had an impact not only on the economic activity of the population but also on their mobility in the form of reduced traffic. This is due to the drastically reduced mobility associated with the coronavirus, such as commuting trips and extremely limited leisure opportunities. Reduced mobility of the population (reduction of the number of vehicles in the traffic flow) can bring positive effects not only on overloaded road network (increased vehicle speed, lower flow) but also on the environment (reduction of noise, emissions, etc.). This article aims at finding out what effect the measures taken had on the quality of traffic flow. The quality of movement was examined in the form of the flow and speed of vehicles on one of the busiest first-class road sections. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the state of the restrictions. The results show that after the introduction of measures against the spread of coronavirus, the intensity and speed of vehicles in the measured section decreased. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, flow, speed, traffic flow, Restriction Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/su12177216 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biotemas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/094ec59be13101dec48636d13562b584.pdf 9ea342ce353c62ddebee1b3fcdd1804e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Identification of risk factors for mortality associated with COVID-19 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Yuetian Yu, Zhongheng Zhang, Cheng Zhu, Luyu Yang, Hui Dong, Ruilan Wang, Hongying Ni, Erzhen Chen Description An account of the resource Objectives Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic outbreak. Risk stratification at hospital admission is of vital importance for medical decision making and resource allocation. There is no sophisticated tool for this purpose. This study aimed to develop neural network models with predictors selected by genetic algorithms (GA). Methods This study was conducted in Wuhan Third Hospital from January 2020 to March 2020. Predictors were collected on day 1 of hospital admission. The primary outcome was the vital status at hospital discharge. Predictors were selected by using GA, and neural network models were built with the cross-validation method. The final neural network models were compared with conventional logistic regression models. Results A total of 246 patients with COVID-19 were included for analysis. The mortality rate was 17.1% (42/246). Non-survivors were significantly older (median (IQR): 69 (57, 77) vs. 55 (41, 63) years; p < 0.001), had higher high-sensitive troponin I (0.03 (0, 0.06) vs. 0 (0, 0.01) ng/L; p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (85.75 (57.39, 164.65) vs. 23.49 (10.1, 53.59) mg/L; p < 0.001), D-dimer (0.99 (0.44, 2.96) vs. 0.52 (0.26, 0.96) mg/L; p < 0.001), and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (306.5 (268.75, 377.25) vs. 194.5 (160.75, 247.5); p < 0.001) and a lower level of lymphocyte count (0.74 (0.41, 0.96) vs. 0.98 (0.77, 1.26) × 109/L; p < 0.001) than survivors. The GA identified a 9-variable (NNet1) and a 32-variable model (NNet2). The NNet1 model was parsimonious with a cost on accuracy; the NNet2 model had the maximum accuracy. NNet1 (AUC: 0.806; 95% CI [0.693–0.919]) and NNet2 (AUC: 0.922; 95% CI [0.859–0.985]) outperformed the linear regression models. Conclusions Our study included a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Several risk factors were identified considering both clinical and statistical significance. We further developed two neural network models, with the variables selected by using GA. The model performs much better than the conventional generalized linear models. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, risk factor, genetic algorithms Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.7717/peerj.9885 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/21af7da81a77a8ccb40972247c0439cb.pdf 524d055e2513fecd7183c5fdcfc16baa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Global Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) during and after Coronavirus Pandemic: A Study Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zahra Hooshyari, Maryam Salmanian, Mona Salehi Description An account of the resource Objective: Studies conducted on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19 epidemics have shown PTSD can occur during and after infectious diseases. However, more studies are needed to explore PTSD during and after COVID-19 outbreak. The objective of this study is to provide a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis to report the global prevalence of PTSD during and after coronavirus pandemics among general population, health care workers, survivors, or patients with coronaviruses. Method: We include all studies that reported the prevalence of PTSD during and after coronavirus pandemics and search databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar from first of November 2002 to May 18, 2020. Two authors independently use relevant checklists to quality assessment of the included studies and extract data. We use the graphical methods and fixed or random effect models to aggregate prevalence estimates. Also, we will assess heterogeneity between the included studies using the I2 heterogeneity statistic and use subgroup and sensitivity analysis to assess the sources of heterogeneity. Discussion: We infer that PTSD is a common experience during and after infectious disease pandemics, especially COVID-19. The findings of this study can be used by health policymakers and other stakeholders and will provide a path to future studies. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Iranian Journal of Psychiatry Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tehran University of Medical Sciences Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Psychiatry http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/cee6da2fe956eab81cabd54917f3c4e8.pdf 6da8e730d8d464af8f7f1cd9ea3e4b42 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sustaining the delivery of essential services among the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava, Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava Description An account of the resource The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has produced a massive impact on the health care delivery system and on the daily routine of the general population. Owing to the massive load on the health sector due to the ongoing outbreak, most of the health systems have been stretched beyond their capacity and capability. This is not a good sign considering the fact that if the health system is exhausted, obviously the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases and other treatable conditions will show a significant rise. In conclusion, amidst the ongoing battle against the COVID-19 pandemic, it is a must that the delivery of essential health services in the community is also sustained. Even though, it is a difficult ask from the health authorities, proper planning and awareness can definitely help us in the delivery of an accelerated response to COVID-19 and also not jeopardize the delivery of essential services. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource World Health Organization;, covid-19 pandemic, essential services Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_13_20 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biotemas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Nursing, Homeopathy http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/551ce314f6fb0177931b740bb884ecb5.pdf c8b9961f59b4570a9c90b4e10210a362 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Inverted Covariate Effects for First versus Mutated Second Wave Covid-19: High Temperature Spread Biased for Young Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hervé Seligmann, Siham Iggui, Mustapha Rachdi, Nicolas Vuillerme, Jacques Demongeot Description An account of the resource (1) Background: Here, we characterize COVID-19’s waves, following a study presenting negative associations between first wave COVID-19 spread parameters and temperature. (2) Methods: Visual examinations of daily increases in confirmed COVID-19 cases in 124 countries, determined first and second waves in 28 countries. (3) Results: The first wave spread rate increases with country mean elevation, median population age, time since wave onset, and decreases with temperature. Spread rates decrease above 1000 m, indicating high ultraviolet lights (UVs) decrease the spread rate. The second wave associations are the opposite, i.e., spread increases with temperature and young age, and decreases with time since wave onset. The earliest second waves started 5–7 April at mutagenic high elevations (Armenia, Algeria). The second waves also occurred at the warm-to-cold season transition (Argentina, Chile). Second vs. first wave spread decreases in most (77%) countries. In countries with late first wave onset, spread rates better fit second than first wave-temperature patterns. In countries with ageing populations (for example, Japan, Sweden, and Ukraine), second waves only adapted to spread at higher temperatures, not to infect the young. (4) Conclusions: First wave viruses evolved towards lower spread. Second wave mutant COVID-19 strain(s) adapted to higher temperature, infecting younger ages and replacing (also in cold conditions) first wave COVID-19 strains. Counterintuitively, low spread strains replace high spread strains, rendering prognostics and extrapolations uncertain. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, regression, random drift, exponential slope, adaptation for low pathogenicity Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/biology9080226 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General)