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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>How Chinese Pragmatism Influences Use of Digital Technologies During the COVID-19 Pandemic</text>
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                <text>Alexandra E. Ulanova</text>
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                <text>The article is devoted to the use of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, during the coronavirus pandemic in China. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of Chinese pragmatism in the application of digital technologies for combating COVID-19. The author identifies the areas where using of digital technologies is possible, and assesses the impact of Chinese pragmatism as a cultural setting on this process. A comparative analysis as the main research method was chosen. The author finds that in connection with the spread of the new coronavirus infection, Europe and the United States prefer to use digital technologies in science and medicine, while China extends their effects to the social field, using face recognition technology, unmanned aerial vehicles and the system of “health codes”. The author suggests that this decision is caused by the peculiarities of Chinese pragmatism, based on the predominance of practice over theory, reality over fiction and earthly life over an incorporeal afterlife. Comparing the characteristics of China’s applied rationality and pragmatism as a philosophical trend formed by C. Pierce, W. James and D. Dewey, as well as analyzing them in the context of a crisis situation triggered by the pandemic, the author comes to the following conclusion: despite the apparent similarity of these trends, significant differences can be identified, and they are expressed in the ways China and other countries use digital technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic.</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, artificial intelligence, pragmatism, applied rationality</text>
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                <text>10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-4-143-147</text>
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                <text>Гуманитарный вектор</text>
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                <text>Transbaikal State University</text>
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                <text>Philosophy (General), Philology. Linguistics</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>How Climate Variables Influence the Spread of SARS-CoV-19 in the United States</text>
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                <text>André  de Souza Melo, Ana  Iza Gomes da Penha Sobral, Marcelo  Luiz Monteiro Marinho, Gisleia  Benini Duarte, Thiago  Henrique Ferreira Gomes, Marcos  Felipe Falcão Sobral</text>
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                <text>During the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic, several scientific types of research investigated the causes of high transmissibility and deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2. Among the spreading factors of the disease, it is known that there is an association between temperature and infected people. However, the studies that identified this phenomenon explored an association relationship, which is weaker and does not allow the identification of which variable would be the cause. This study aimed to analyze the impact of temperature variations and other climatic variables on the infection rate of COVID-19. Data were extracted from weather stations in the United States, which were segregated by county and day. Daily COVID-19 infections and deaths per county were also collected. Two models were used: the first model to analyze the temperature and the number of infected cases and the second model to evaluate the variables of temperature, precipitation, and snow in relation to COVID-19 infection. Model 1 shows that an increase in temperature at time zero caused a decrease in the number of infected cases. Meanwhile, a decrease in temperature after the temperature shock was associated with an increase in the number of cases, which tended to zero overall. A 1% increase in temperature caused a 0.002% decrease in the number of cases. The results suggested a causal relationship between the average temperature and number of CODIV-19 cases. Model 2, which includes temperature, precipitation, and snow shows that an increase in temperature resulted in a 0.00154% decrease response. There was no significant effect of increased precipitation and snow on the infection rate with COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>10.3390/su12219192</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>How Close are We to a COVID-19 Vaccine?</text>
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                <text>Kayhan Ozkan</text>
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                <text>This review provides an overview regarding the main aspects of candidate COVID-19 vaccines andpathophysiology of disease. The types of biotechnological candidate vaccines to be developedagainst COVID-19, their degree of protection and the pathophysiological mechanism of the diseasewere analyzed in this review article. The literature data on which cruxes for the development ofbiotechnological candidate vaccines to be wended are based was researched. Data that could givereference to various biotechnological candidate vaccines were reviewed. For this purpose, up-todate literature data was utilized. The ways to succeed in the development of a vaccine requiring atechnological infrastructure are to synthesize the data obtained from long term trials and to put theminto practice subsequently. The vaccines to be developed by means of recombinant DNA technology willbe a source of inspiration to people for further studies. After a rapid process of vaccine development,the use of COVID-19 vaccine can be mainstreamed among people to prevent the disease. As a resultof these practices, the evaluation of which vaccine will be more safe, reliable and effective will beperformed after phase studies.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>immune response, Recombinant, COVID-19 vaccine, atteneu virus, phase studies</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.26</text>
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                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>How conserved are the conserved 16S-rRNA regions?</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Marcel Martinez-Porchas, Enrique Villalpando-Canchola, Luis Enrique Ortiz Suarez, Francisco Vargas-Albores</text>
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                <text>The 16S rRNA gene has been used as master key for studying prokaryotic diversity in almost every environment. Despite the claim of several researchers to have the best universal primers, the reality is that no primer has been demonstrated to be truly universal. This suggests that conserved regions of the gene may not be as conserved as expected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conservation degree of the so-called conserved regions flanking the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Data contained in SILVA database (release 123) were used for the study. Primers reported as matches of each conserved region were assembled to form contigs; sequences sizing 12 nucleotides (12-mers) were extracted from these contigs and searched into the entire set of SILVA sequences. Frequency analysis shown that extreme regions, 1 and 10, registered the lowest frequencies. 12-mer frequencies revealed segments of contigs that were not as conserved as expected (≤90%). Fragments corresponding to the primer contigs 3, 4, 5b and 6a were recovered from all sequences in SILVA database. Nucleotide frequency analysis in each consensus demonstrated that only a small fraction of these so-called conserved regions is truly conserved in non-redundant sequences. It could be concluded that conserved regions of the 16S rRNA gene exhibit considerable variation that has to be considered when using this gene as biomarker.</text>
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                <text>2017</text>
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                <text>Kmers, Biodiversity, Conserved regions 16S, Primer design</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3036</text>
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                <text>PeerJ Inc.</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                <text>How Construction Employment Can Create Social Value and Assist Recovery from COVID-19</text>
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                <text>George Denny-Smith, Riza  Yosia Sunindijo, Martin Loosemore, Megan Williams, Leanne Piggott</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 has created or amplified economic and social crises internationally. Australia entered its first recession in 30 years and saw a significant rise in unemployment. In response, Australian governments have increased their commitments to infrastructure construction to stimulate the national economy and combined this with new social procurement policies that aim to create social value for targeted populations like Indigenous peoples and unemployed youth. However, emerging social procurement research in construction shows a disconnect between policymakers and the practitioners who must implement them. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide theoretical and practical insights on creating social value in the context of construction employment created by new social procurement policies. Reporting a survey of 107 construction workers in Australia, it is shown that social procurement policies and construction employers can create social value when they provide work benefits like adequate pay and training and development and cultural benefits like inclusive workplaces. Recommendations are made to demonstrate how the results presented in this article can be used by contractors to create social value. This research is significant for advising how increased infrastructure spending commitments in Australia can create social and economic outcomes for workers, ensuring a sustainable recovery from COVID-19 crises.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, social value, infrastructure investment, construction employment, social procurement</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.3390/su13020988</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>How COVID-19 impacts the U.S. economy and predictions about the future</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Tian Fangze</text>
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                <text>The spread of COVID-19 is one of the most impactful global events in recent years. It has destroyed the U.S. economy and financial market. In just several months, the stock market experienced major fluctuations, the entire economy has basically stopped, and the unemployment rate peaked. Its severity even penetrated people’s daily lives; many are not getting basic requirements needed for survival. As cases increase daily, more and more are concerned with how the future will look like and what this pandemic will do to the economy in the long run. Faced with many uncertainties in macroeconomic trends and the continuous spreading of the virus, I have compared this current crisis with the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008. With a goal to reasonably forecast future developments of the U.S. economy, from both micro and macro perspectives, financial market trends and government actions have been analyzed. Specifically, the two events’ causes, essences, policies’ effectiveness, and other factors have been evaluated and suggestions in adjusting government policies have also been made. Unlike the 2008 crisis, this crisis will require longer, more complex, and more flexible processes and regulations to recover, and citizens should be prepared for this slow recovery. But overall, a promising outlook for the U.S. economy still stands in the long-run.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>10.1051/e3sconf/202021804007</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Environmental sciences</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>How COVID-19 impacts Vietnam’s banking stocks: An event study method</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Phuong Lai Cao Mai</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The banking industry is one of the major industries in the Vietnamese stock market, so understanding how the industry index reacts to unusual events such as COVID-19’s impact is very important for the development of the Vietnamese stock market. This study examines the response of the banking sector index to three lockdown/blockage announcements to prevent the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam in 2020. Three times of lockdown/blockage: On February 13, 2020, blockade of Son Loi commune, Vinh Phuc province; on March 30, 2020, Vietnam announced the nationwide epidemic of COVID-19 and then nationwide lockdown, and on July 28, 2020, blockade in Da Nang. In the first case, the abnormal returns changed the sign around the notification date indicating that the stock price deviated from its fair value, but accumulating abnormal returns CAR (0;3] and CAR (0; 2] are both positive and statistically significant, which means that investors are more secure when the epidemic area is tightly controlled. The nationwide lockdown was the event that had the strongest impact on the stock price when both AR and CAR were negative and statistically significant before and after the date of the event’s announcement. Nationwide lockdown was the event that had the strongest impact on stock prices as both AR and CAR were negative in the days before and days after the event. This result supports the theory of imperfect substitution. Only AR [2] was positive and statistically significant, showing that the blockade event in Da Nang had a slight impact on the banking sector’s stock price.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85081">
                <text>lockdown, Stock Market, Abnormal return, Banking industry, blockage</text>
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                <text>10.21511/bbs.16(1).2021.09</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Banks and Bank Systems</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85084">
                <text>LLC CPC "Business Perspectives""</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Banking</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29630">
                <text>How COVID-19 Redefines the Concept of Sustainability</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29631">
                <text>Navodya Denuwara, Marko Hakovirta</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, to be a public health emergency of international concern. Currently, in several countries globally, this pandemic continues to enforce the temporary closure of all nonessential shops and services aside from supermarkets and pharmacies. Workers in countries that are at a high risk of infection have been asked to work from home, as cities have been placed under lockdown. Even curfews to combat the spread of the virus have been imposed in several countries, with all this signaling an unprecedented disruption of commerce. Companies are facing various challenges regarding health and safety, supply chain, labor force, cash flow, consumer demand and marketing. People in the thousands are dying every day from the virus’s symptoms, while a public health issue has forced the world to come to a halt and rethink what a sustainable future for our planet and existence is. These drastic recent events have raised the deliberation by the authors to redefine the concept of sustainability.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29633">
                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>sustainability, human health, Public Health, coronavirus, definition, COVID-19</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29635">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/su12093727</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Sustainability</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29637">
                <text>MDPI AG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29638">
                <text>Environmental sciences, Renewable energy sources, Environmental effects of industries and plants</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>How detection ranges and usage stops impact digital contact tracing effectiveness for COVID-19</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Konstantin D. Pandl, Scott Thiebes, Manuel Schmidt-Kraepelin, Ali Sunyaev</text>
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                <text>Abstract To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries around the globe have adopted digital contact tracing apps. Various technologies exist to trace contacts that are potentially prone to different types of tracing errors. Here, we study the impact of different proximity detection ranges on the effectiveness and efficiency of digital contact tracing apps. Furthermore, we study a usage stop effect induced by a false positive quarantine. Our results reveal that policy makers should adjust digital contact tracing apps to the behavioral characteristics of a society. Based on this, the proximity detection range should at least cover the range of a disease spread, and be much wider in certain cases. The widely used Bluetooth Low Energy protocol may not necessarily be the most effective technology for contact tracing.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>10.1038/s41598-021-88768-6</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="81063">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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                <text>Yu X, Li N.</text>
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                <text>Xiang Yu,1 Na Li2,3 1School of Public Affairs, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2School of Law, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Research Academy of Belt and Road, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Na LiNingbo University, 818st Fenghua Road Jiangbei, Ningbo 315211, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaEmail nali321@126.comAbstract: In recent years, respiratory infectious diseases had continued to attack China, the recent outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia had attracted worldwide attention. Through studying the literature, interpreting official documents, analyzing medical and social management data, we summarized and compared some powerful measures taken by the Chinese government, such as declaring emergency state, blocking down the epidemic center, prohibiting crowd gathering activities, forcing residents to wear masks, and mobilizing medical staff and products. We found that these unconventional measures, on the one hand, controlled the spread of the epidemic in China, and on the other hand, exposed some of China&amp;rsquo;s shortcomings in biosafety, food safety, public health input, and emergency system construction. This paper also recommends that other countries should take strict isolation measures as early as possible when fighting COVID-19 epidemics, and also mobilize citizens to strengthen self-protection.Keywords: COVID-19, anti-epidemic, risk, legality</text>
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                <text>Risk Management and Healthcare Policy</text>
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                <text>Dove Medical Press</text>
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