1046 10 20655 http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/7125d92a985f5adb3c65e14d945a2f69.pdf 6e4e2ae05d3efce89f694f4149ae6e22 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cuiyan Wang, Riyu Pan, Xiaoyang Wan, Yi Lin Tan, Linkang Xu, Cyrus S. Ho, Roger C. Ho Description An account of the resource Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20−24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Anxiety, coronavirus, depression, epidemic, Knowledge, Precaution, Psychological impact, Respiratory symptoms, stress Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051729 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine Language A language of the resource EN http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/65b4f2c55e97f6c0d400842cd3c29d36.pdf 6e4e2ae05d3efce89f694f4149ae6e22 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cuiyan Wang, Riyu Pan, Xiaoyang Wan, Yilin Tan, Linkang Xu, Cyrus S. Ho, Roger C. Ho Description An account of the resource Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20−24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, Anxiety, Epidemic, Knowledge, Stress, Depression, psychological impact, precaution, Respiratory symptoms Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/ijerph17051729 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/91c6b2759685c2292cd98b0867390a3e.pdf c3e66521b7afbc553978979347f0f66f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immune biomarkers predictive of respiratory viral infection in elderly nursing home residents. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jennie Johnstone, Robin Parsons, Fernando Botelho, Jamie Millar, Shelly McNeil, Tamàs Fülöp, Janet McElhaney, Melissa K Andrew, Stephen D. Walter, P J Devereaux, Mehrnoush Malekesmaeili, Ryan R. Brinkman, James Mahony, Jonathan Bramson, Mark Loeb Description An account of the resource To determine if immune phenotypes associated with immunosenescence predict risk of respiratory viral infection in elderly nursing home residents.Residents ≥ 65 years from 32 nursing homes in 4 Canadian cities were enrolled in Fall 2009, 2010 and 2011, and followed for one influenza season. Following influenza vaccination, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained and analysed by flow cytometry for T-regs, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets (CCR7+CD45RA+, CCR7-CD45RA+ and CD28-CD57+) and CMV-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained and tested for viruses in symptomatic residents. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex and frailty, determined the relationship between immune phenotypes and time to viral infection.1072 residents were enrolled; median age 86 years and 72% female. 269 swabs were obtained, 87 were positive for virus: influenza (24%), RSV (14%), coronavirus (32%), rhinovirus (17%), human metapneumovirus (9%) and parainfluenza (5%). In multivariable analysis, high T-reg% (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.81) and high CMV-reactive CD4+ T-cell% (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.03-2.78) were predictive of respiratory viral infection.In elderly nursing home residents, high CMV-reactive CD4+ T-cells were associated with an increased risk and high T-regs were associated with a reduced risk of respiratory viral infection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108481 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived PLoS ONE Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Public Library of Science (PLoS) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Science, Medicine Language A language of the resource EN http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/5054429c369052e57d995d98c6bf3011.pdf f8e7ed0c3401f92d4357f863e4561d3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immune Dysfunction and Multiple Treatment Modalities for the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Races of Uncontrolled Running Sweat? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Uttam Kumar Nath, Neeraj Jain, Ashish Kothari, Vanya Singh, Sandeep Kumar, Vineeta Rai, Karanvir Kaushal, Balram Ji Omar, Atul Pandey Description An account of the resource Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic threat with more than 11.8 million confirmed cases and more than 0.5 million deaths as of 3 July 2020. Given the lack of definitive pharmaceutical interventions against SARS-CoV-2, multiple therapeutic strategies and personal protective applications are being used to reduce the risk of high mortality and community spread of this infection. Currently, more than a hundred vaccines and/or alternative therapeutic regimens are in clinical trials, and some of them have shown promising results in improving the immune cell environment and controlling the infection. In this review, we discussed high-performance multi-directory strategies describing the uncontrolled deregulation of the host immune landscape associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and treatment strategies using an anti-neoplastic regimen. We also followed selected current treatment plans and the most important on-going clinical trials and their respective outcomes for blocking SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis through regenerative medicine, such as stem cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptors, natural killer (NK) cells, extracellular vesicular-based therapy, and others including immunomodulatory regimens, anti-neoplastic therapy, and current clinical vaccine therapy. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, Extracellular vesicles, cytokine storm, immunomodulatory drugs, adoptive cell-based therapy, anti-neoplastic regimen Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/biology9090243 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General) http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/f0c8c028925a579bb6239e3e799d31a5.pdf 58cbc8d4c2dc145710e6f2d29e99790b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immune dysregulation and autoreactivity correlate with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anjali Ramaswamy, Nina N Brodsky, Tomokazu S Sumida, Michela Comi, Hiromitsu Asashima, Kenneth B Hoehn, Ningshan Li, Yunqing Liu, Aagam Shah, Neal G Ravindra, Jason Bishai, Alamzeb Khan, William Lau, Brian Sellers, Neha Bansal, Pamela Guerrerio, Avraham Unterman, Victoria Habet, Andrew J Rice, Jason Catanzaro, Harsha Chandnani, Merrick Lopez, Naftali Kaminski, Charles S Dela Cruz, John S Tsang, Zuoheng Wang, Xiting Yan, Steven H Kleinstein, David van Dijk, Richard W Pierce, David A Hafler, Carrie L Lucas Description An account of the resource Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening post-infectious complication occurring unpredictably weeks after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. We profiled MIS-C, adult COVID-19, and healthy pediatric and adult individuals using single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, antigen receptor repertoire analysis, and unbiased serum proteomics, which collectively identified a signature in MIS-C patients that correlated with disease severity. Despite having no evidence of active infection, MIS-C patients had elevated S100A-family alarmins and decreased antigen presentation signatures, indicative of myeloid dysfunction. MIS-C patients showed elevated expression of cytotoxicity genes in NK and CD8+ T cells and expansion of specific IgG-expressing plasmablasts. Clinically severe MIS-C patients displayed skewed memory T cell TCR repertoires and autoimmunity characterized by endothelium-reactive IgG. The alarmin, cytotoxicity, TCR repertoire, and plasmablast signatures we defined have potential for application in the clinic to better diagnose and potentially predict disease severity early in the course of MIS-C. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Subject The topic of the resource inflammation, SARS-CoV-2, pediatric, MIS-C, cytotoxicity, plasmablasts, TRBV11-2, alarmins Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.003 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Immunity http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/47510eb2b806e44f08f1dc20e81a8028.pdf 3eda19d194324215386852c70380460a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immune Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Intoxication: Storm or Silence? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mikhail Kiselevskiy, Irina Shubina, Irina Chikileva, Suria Sitdikova, Igor Samoylenko, Natalia Anisimova, Kirill Kirgizov, Amina Suleimanova, Tatyana Gorbunova, Svetlana Varfolomeeva Description An account of the resource Dysregulation of the immune system undoubtedly plays an important and, perhaps, determining role in the COVID-19 pathogenesis. While the main treatment of the COVID-19 intoxication is focused on neutralizing the excessive inflammatory response, it is worth considering an equally significant problem of the immunosuppressive conditions including immuno-paralysis, which lead to the secondary infection. Therefore, choosing a treatment strategy for the immune-mediated complications of coronavirus infection, one has to pass between Scylla and Charybdis, so that, in the fight against the “cytokine storm,” it is vital not to miss the point of the immune silence that turns into immuno-paralysis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, Lymphopenia, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), macrophage activation syndrome, immunoparalysis, “cytokine storm” Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/ph13080166 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine, Pharmacy and materia medica http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/af14cba7aad33760c986408b3220f1d9.pdf 8653408be0dfc2a2195e5d979e798610 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immune Response to COVID-19: Can We Benefit from the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Pandemic Experience? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Emilia Sinderewicz, Wioleta Czelejewska, Katarzyna Jezierska-Wozniak, Joanna Staszkiewicz-Chodor, Wojciech Maksymowicz Description An account of the resource The global range and high fatality rate of the newest human coronavirus (HCoV) pandemic has made SARS-CoV-2 the focus of the scientific world. Next-generation sequencing of the viral genome and a phylogenetic analysis have shown the high homology of SARS-CoV-2 to other HCoVs that have led to local epidemics in the past. The experience acquired in SARS and MERS epidemics may prove useful in understanding the SARS-CoV-2 pathomechanism and lead to effective treatment and potential vaccine development. This study summarizes the immune response to SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 and focuses on T cell response, humoral immunity, and complement system activation in different stages of HCoVs infections. The study also presents the quantity and frequency of T cell responses, particularly CD4+ and CD8+; the profile of cytokine production and secretion; and its relation to T cell type, disease severity, and utility in prognostics of the course of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 outbreaks. The role of interferons in the therapy of these infections is also discussed. Moreover, the kinetics of specific antibody production, the correlation between humoral and cellular immune response and the immunogenicity of the structural HCoVs proteins and their utility in the development of a vaccine against SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 has been updated. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource MERS, SARS, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, immune system Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/pathogens9090739 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biotemas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/e990f6e5ec302fc453074d13c9299ab5.pdf 6bf3cb39dbc110ce92bf2ed1476d37ad Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brad H Rovin, T Alp Ikizler, P Toby Coates, Pierre Ronco Description An account of the resource In this issue of Kidney International, the initial experience regarding the immunogenicity of prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and the response to the COVID-19 vaccines among patients on maintenance dialysis and kidney transplant recipients is summarized. Preliminary data suggest that there is durability of immune response after COVID-19 infection. Although immune response to the first dose of vaccine is less in infection-naïve patients than healthy individuals in both groups, after the second vaccine dose a significant portion of patients receiving maintenance dialysis develop robust antibody titers, whereas kidney transplant recipients show a less-strong immune response. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.007 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Kidney international http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/cf7afebd49ac6102426e629fd4a3984a.pdf 30da5a8696b468ab23a7df0423f0d7da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immune Response, Inflammation, and the Clinical Spectrum of COVID-19 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Luis F. García Description An account of the resource The current COVID-19 pandemic began in December 2019 in Wuhan (China) and rapidly extended to become a global sanitary and economic emergency. Its etiological agent is the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, which ranges from an asymptomatic infection to a severe pneumonia accompanied by multisystemic failure that can lead to a patient's death. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is known to involve all the components of the immune system that together appear responsible for viral elimination and recovery from the infection. Nonetheless, such immune responses are implicated in the disease's progression to a more severe and lethal process. This review describes the general aspects of both COVID-19 and its etiological agent SARS-CoV-2, stressing the similarities with other severe coronavirus infections, such as SARS and MERS, but more importantly, pointing toward the evidence supporting the hypothesis that the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is a consequence of the corresponding variable spectrum of the immune responses to the virus. The critical point where progression of the disease ensues appears to center on loss of the immune regulation between protective and altered responses due to exacerbation of the inflammatory components. Finally, it appears possible to delineate certain major challenges deserving of exhaustive investigation to further understand COVID-19 immunopathogenesis, thus helping to design more effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic strategies. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource cytokines, Antibodies, immune response, T cells, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01441 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Immunology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Immunologic diseases. Allergy http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/874b0cf54b401abd896011ce772a944a.pdf e7eba65cc4d885b1285dbf0faf7ca202 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immune Status of COVID-19 Patients with Reference to SARS and MERS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barani Karikalan, Hari Kumar Darnal Description An account of the resource During this global pandemic of COVID-19 infection, it became well known that morbidity and mortalityis especially high at the extreme of life especially in certain racial or ethnic groups like Americansand Africans. This is presumed due to low immunity associated with other comorbid conditions likediabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity and metabolic syndrome. But the informationavailable on the immune status of COVID-19 patients is limited. Attempts must be made to enhanceour understanding of the immune status of COVID-19 patients by revisiting our knowledge on theimmune mechanisms of already known coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Early elevationof the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in SARS and MERS infection suggests apossible same type of cytokine storm-mediated lung damage in COVID-19 patients too. Dysregulationof interferon-1 response and downstream cascade in initial innate immune response at virus entrypoint has been related to lethal pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Adaptive response of increasedCD8+ levels in COVID-19 patients seems to be useful in mild cases where it causes deterioratingeffects in progressed severe disease patients resulting in destruction of type 2 pneumocytes henceinability to regenerate the alveolar epithelium. A phenomenon called cytokine storm activates violentimmunological reactions in the lung tissue resulting in ARDS followed by multiple organ systemdamages in COVID-19 patients. Several immune evading mechanisms are thought to be employed bysevere respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that might have resulted in its extremely increasedcontagiousness probably related with its frequent RNA mutations. Failure to develop adequate viruslimiting immune reactions by some cured patients warrant monitoring of all recovered patients. Thisrapid mini review is aimed to enhance our knowledge of the immune status of COVID-19 infectedpatients with reference to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, MERS-CoV, Immune status, SARS-CoV, COVID-19 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.18 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology