1059 10 20655 http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/27ef52e15e16429722b9797da09e13e5.pdf c0c6258e248be4ad0505337df82f6adc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Protein Controls Natural Killer Cell Activation via the HLA-E/NKG2A Pathway Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daria Bortolotti, Valentina Gentili, Sabrina Rizzo, Antonella Rotola, Roberta Rizzo Description An account of the resource Natural killer cells are important in the control of viral infections. However, the role of NK cells during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has previously not been identified. Peripheral blood NK cells from SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 naïve subjects were evaluated for their activation, degranulation, and interferon-gamma expression in the presence of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. K562 and lung epithelial cells were transfected with spike proteins and co-cultured with NK cells. The analysis was performed by flow cytometry and immune fluorescence. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins did not alter NK cell activation in a K562 in vitro model. On the contrary, SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 protein (SP1) intracellular expression by lung epithelial cells resulted in NK cell-reduced degranulation. Further experiments revealed a concomitant induction of HLA-E expression on the surface of lung epithelial cells and the recognition of an SP1-derived HLA-E-binding peptide. Simultaneously, there was increased modulation of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A/CD94 on NK cells when SP1 was expressed in lung epithelial cells. We ruled out the GATA3 transcription factor as being responsible for HLA-E increased levels and HLA-E/NKG2A interaction as implicated in NK cell exhaustion. We show for the first time that NK cells are affected by SP1 expression in lung epithelial cells via HLA-E/NKG2A interaction. The resulting NK cells’ exhaustion might contribute to immunopathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource SARS-CoV-2, NK cell, hla-e, NKG2A Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/cells9091975 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General) http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/b0f5de7a6476749b02c3d1f82e10aecc.pdf 90a00cd510e596003391c637a09ba7e5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Optimization Rules for SARS-CoV-2 M^pro Antivirals: Ensemble Docking and Exploration of the Coronavirus Protease Active Site Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shana V. Stoddard, Serena D. Stoddard, Benjamin K. Oelkers, Kennedi Fitts, Kellen Whalum, Kaylah Whalum, Alexander D. Hemphill, Jithin Manikonda, Linda Michelle Martinez, Elizabeth G. Riley, Caroline M. Roof, Nowreen Sarwar, Doni M. Thomas, Emily Ulmer, Felissa E. Wallace, Pankaj Pandey, Sudeshna Roy Description An account of the resource Coronaviruses are viral infections that have a significant ability to impact human health. Coronaviruses have produced two pandemics and one epidemic in the last two decades. The current pandemic has created a worldwide catastrophe threatening the lives of over 15 million as of July 2020. Current research efforts have been focused on producing a vaccine or repurposing current drug compounds to develop a therapeutic. There is, however, a need to study the active site preferences of relevant targets, such as the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), to determine ways to optimize these drug compounds. The ensemble docking and characterization work described in this article demonstrates the multifaceted features of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro active site, molecular guidelines to improving binding affinity, and ultimately the optimization of drug candidates. A total of 220 compounds were docked into both the 5R7Z and 6LU7 SARS-CoV-2 Mpro crystal structures. Several key preferences for strong binding to the four subsites (S1, S1′, S2, and S4) were identified, such as accessing hydrogen binding hotspots, hydrophobic patches, and utilization of primarily aliphatic instead of aromatic substituents. After optimization efforts using the design guidelines developed from the molecular docking studies, the average docking score of the parent compounds was improved by 6.59 −log10(Kd) in binding affinity which represents an increase of greater than six orders of magnitude. Using the optimization guidelines, the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor cinanserin was optimized resulting in an increase in binding affinity of 4.59 −log10(Kd) and increased protease inhibitor bioactivity. The results of molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of cinanserin-optimized compounds CM02, CM06, and CM07 revealed that CM02 and CM06 fit well into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro [Protein Data Bank (PDB) accession number 6LU7] and formed strong and stable interactions with the key residues, Ser-144, His-163, and Glu-166. The enhanced binding affinity produced demonstrates the utility of the design guidelines described. The work described herein will assist scientists in developing potent COVID-19 antivirals. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Coronaviruses, molecular docking, covid-19, molecular dynamics, molecular interactions, Inhibitor design Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/v12090942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/8d2a0aa1bbc8d734537c91309612a1c6.pdf 791403e63a5baedad931c04797a9b51f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Recommendations of RAAS Blocker Use Amidst The Coronavirus Pandemic Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joshua Henrina, doctor, Iwan Cahyo Santosa Putra, doctor, Hoo Felicia Hadi Gunawan, doctor, Irvan Cahyadi, doctor, Leonardo Paskah Suciadi, doctor Description An account of the resource With a rapidly growing pandemic of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), a public health emergency of international concern, the medical communities and national health systems are being tested for their preparedness. The culprit that is responsible for this viral respiratory disease, is a novel type of coronavirus, now identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV2). At the present time, there are gaps in the knowledge regarding the safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for COVID-19 patients due to concern of ACE2, which is critical for viral entry and their levels are upregulated when using these (Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System) RAAS blockers. ACE2 is a glycoprotein metalloprotease that plays an essential role in physiologic and pathological states and it is ubiquitously found in human organs. Despite sharing homology, ACE is different from ACE2, and while the former cleaves angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, the latter cleaves angiotensin two to angiotensin 1-7. Extrapolated from experimental animal studies, ACE2 and angiotensin 1-7 are important and protective for the lung physiology based on mice model of acute lung injury by various causes. Other evidence also demonstrates harm over benefits when stopping RAAS blockers, particularly in patients with cardiovascular disease, in which using these drugs are proven to be life-saving. In the light of the paucity of evidence derived from well-designed study, societies and colleges recommend continuing RAAS blockers until new evidence says otherwise. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, ACEI, ARB Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.30701/ijc.v1i1.1007 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Majalah Kardiologi Indonesia Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Indonesian Heart Association Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/5120e1741ce224dc06f4c8707e4920b7.pdf 7083355b967e0cd2358de353d482514f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Analysis of Gender-Dependent Personal Protective Behaviors in a National Sample: Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dominika Guzek, Dominika Skolmowska, Dominika Głąbska Description An account of the resource During the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the basic strategy that is recommended to reduce the spread of the disease is to practice proper hand hygiene and personal protective behaviors, but among adolescents, low adherence is common. The present study aimed to assess the gender-dependent hand hygiene and personal protective behaviors in a national sample of Polish adolescents. The Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study was conducted in a group of 2323 secondary school students (814 males, 1509 females). Schools were chosen based on the random quota sampling procedure. The participants were surveyed to assess their knowledge and beliefs associated with hand hygiene and personal protection, as well as their actual behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of respondents gave proper answers when asked about their knowledge. However, females displayed a higher level of knowledge (p < 0.05). Most of the respondents declared not leaving home, handwashing, using alcohol-based hand rub, avoiding contact with those who may be sick, and avoiding public places as their personal protective behaviors. They declared using face masks and gloves after the legal regulation requiring people to cover their nose and mouth in public places was enacted in Poland. Regarding the use of face masks and not touching the face, no gender-dependent differences were observed, while for all the other behaviors, females declared more adherence than males (p < 0.05). Females also declared a higher daily frequency of handwashing (p < 0.0001) and washing their hands always when necessary more often than males (68.2% vs. 54.1%; p < 0.0001). Males more often indicated various reasons for not handwashing, including that there is no need to do it, they do not feel like doing it, they have no time to do it, or they forget about it (p < 0.0001), while females pointed out side effects (e.g., skin problems) as the reason (p = 0.0278). Females more often declared handwashing in circumstances associated with socializing, being exposed to contact with other people and health (p < 0.05), and declared always including the recommended steps in their handwashing procedure (p < 0.05). The results showed that female secondary school students exhibited a higher level of knowledge on hand hygiene and personal protection, as well as better behaviors, compared to males. However, irrespective of gender, some false beliefs and improper behaviors were observed, which suggests that education is necessary, especially in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, hand hygiene, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescents, coronavirus-19, personal protective behaviors Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/ijerph17165770 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/599f8791af7fecdd128fb842842feca7.pdf 139c663dc0e0822f26af7752befccbc6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Critical Care Management for Novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 Coinfection in a Young Immunocompromised Patient: A Chicago Experience Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alejandro Sanchez-Nadales, Miguel Treminio-Quezada, Hasan Abad, Jessica Navarro-Motta, Pamela Contreras-Chavez, Anil Kachru, Chae Chu Description An account of the resource Background. SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerged virus that has spread rapidly, exhibiting tremendous morbidity and mortality. Some potential pharmaceutical targets have been identified but are still lacking proper validation. Case Presentation. We describe the case of a young, immunosuppressed and critically ill patient with previous Influenza B infection, requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which was then followed, in the succeeding months, by SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by severe adult respiratory distress syndrome. Her clinical course exhibited complications, including pulmonary embolism, acute kidney injury, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, multiple cardiac arrests, and eventually death. Conclusion. Coinfection with other respiratory pathogens and opportunistic infections are possible. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1155/2020/8877641 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Case Reports in Critical Care Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hindawi Limited Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/efa3ad304daff5d6672f7d529ae5a296.pdf 34bc426bd712ca6732326593747773db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Toward Understanding Molecular Bases for Biological Diversification of Human Coronaviruses: Present Status and Future Perspectives Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Naoya Doi, Takaaki Koma, Masako Nomaguchi, Akio Adachi, Shun Adachi Description An account of the resource Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are of zoonotic origins, and seven distinct HCoVs are currently known to infect humans. While the four seasonal HCoVs appear to be mildly pathogenic and circulate among human populations, the other three designated SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe diseases in some cases. The newly identified SARS-CoV-2, a causative virus of COVID-19 that can be deadly, is now spreading worldwide much more efficiently than the other two pathogenic viruses. Despite evident differences in these properties, all HCoVs commonly have an exceptionally large genomic RNA with a rather peculiar gene organization and have the potential to readily alter their biological properties. CoVs are characterized by their biological diversifications, high recombination, and efficient adaptive evolution. We are particularly concerned about the high replication and transmission nature of SARS-CoV-2, which may lead to the emergence of more transmissible and/or pathogenic viruses than ever before. Furthermore, novel variant viruses may appear at any time from the CoV pools actively circulating or persistently being maintained in the animal reservoirs, and from the CoVs in infected human individuals. In this review, we describe knowns of the CoVs and then mention their unknowns to clarify the major issues to be addressed. Genome organizations and sequences of numerous CoVs have been determined, and the viruses are presently classified into separate phylogenetic groups. Functional roles in the viral replication cycle in vitro of non-structural and structural proteins are also quite well understood or suggested. In contrast, those in the in vitro and in vivo replication for various accessory proteins encoded by the variable 3′ one-third portion of the CoV genome mostly remain to be determined. Importantly, the genomic sequences/structures closely linked to the high CoV recombination are poorly investigated and elucidated. Also, determinants for adaptation and pathogenicity have not been systematically investigated. We summarize here these research situations. Among conceivable projects, we are especially interested in the underlying molecular mechanism by which the observed CoV diversification is generated. Finally, as virologists, we discuss how we handle the present difficulties and propose possible research directions in the medium or long term. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, biological diversification Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02016 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/58a07a1ce6336b1515cc1716d6806b4e.pdf 56ec39c385482fc25f64cf40297e540a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Online Teaching Practices and the Effectiveness of the Educational Process in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nadia Albu, Cătălin Nicolae Albu, Cristina Venera Tartavulea, Ramona Iulia Dieaconescu, Silvia Petre Description An account of the resource In this paper, we investigate the impact of the abrupt switch to online teaching whichoccurred in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. By using responses from 362 professorsand students from 13 European countries, we find that universities and students were veryquick to adapt to the new changes and that a mix of synchronous and asynchronousinteraction and assessment methods are currently employed. However, this mix is quitelimited relative to what is usually subsumed into online learning tools, and is indicative ofpassive delivery and reduced interaction. Our respondents estimate that most onlineinteraction and assessment methods will continue to be used after the return to face-to-faceeducation. Our respondents also view the switch to online teaching to have an overallmoderate positive impact on the educational process, albeit the overall effectiveness of theonline educational experience is perceived to be lower than in the case of face-to-faceteaching. Moreover, we find that the institutional support, the trust in the online system andthe perceived effectiveness of formative assessment are factors that are positivelyassociated with the impact and effectiveness of online education Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Online teaching, quality of online education, effective online education, online instructional methods, online assessment methods Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.24818/EA/2020/55/920 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Amfiteatru Economic Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Academy of Economic Studies of Bucharest Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Business, Economics as a science http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/0b6a9c2f6a7aa0dd1bacb425bfc77e5d.pdf b0f518428c5c5fba285d6717329a674d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anxiety about the Risk of Death of Their Patients in Health Professionals in Spain: Analysis at the Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource José Gómez-Galán, José Ángel Martínez-López, Eloy López-Meneses, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez Description An account of the resource The COVID-19 health crisis has had a global effect, but the consequences in the different countries affected have been very different. In Spain, in a short period of time, health professionals went from a situation of stability to living with a working environment characterized by overcrowded hospitals, lack of individual protection equipment, non-existent or contradictory work protocols, as well as an unknown increase in mortality. Although in their professional activity health workers are closely linked to death processes, in recent months, working conditions and health emergencies have drawn an unheard of working scenario, with the stress and anxiety they may suffer when faced with the death of their patients. The present quantitative research was carried out in different hospitals in Spain on health professionals during the month of April 2020. Through the subscale of anxiety in the face of the death of others, developed by Collett–Lester, it has been verified that health professionals have had to develop their work in a context of precariousness, putting at risk both their individual and collective health, notably increasing anxiety in the face of the death of their patients. The predictive variables of this anxiety have been the absence of individual protection equipment, as well as high levels in the burnout subscales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Anxiety, covid-19, Death, Health care professionals, Burnout Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/ijerph17165938 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/cdf3576cc305519bb6aae8abb8aedc64.pdf 4a3f05ba2e959e73822b5e5fbe84daf4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Activity of Metformin and Its Potential Implications in Treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Lung Injury Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Xianyang Chen, Huifang Guo, Li Qiu, Chengdong Zhang, Qiang Deng, Qibin Leng Description An account of the resource The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease which causes severe lung injury and multiple organ damage, presents an urgent need for new drugs. The case severity and fatality of COVID-19 are associated with excessive inflammation, namely, a cytokine storm. Metformin, a widely used drug to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus and metabolic syndrome, has immunomodulatory activity that reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines using macrophages and causes the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Metformin also inhibits the cytokine production of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells. Importantly, treatment with metformin alleviates various lung injuries in preclinical animal models. In addition, a recent proteomic study revealed that metformin has the potential to directly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, retrospective clinical studies have revealed that metformin treatment reduces the mortality of T2D with COVID-19. Therefore, metformin has the potential to be repurposed to treat patients with COVID-19 at risk of developing severe illness. This review summarizes the immune pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and addresses the effects of metformin on inhibiting cytokine storms and preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as its side effects. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource antiviral activity, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus disease 2019, cytokine storm, Metformin Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02056 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Immunologic diseases. Allergy http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/2b20417da55629c0552881878945db2a.pdf 4a38690858dad0c724dadb15196e72e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Our Experience of Trauma Management During Novel Coronovirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in a Busy Trauma Center in Southern Iran Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SHAHRAM PAYDAR, Shahram Bolandparvaz, Shahin Mohseni, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Hossein Aabdolrahimzadeh fard, Hamid Reza Abbasi, Vahid Mehrnoush, Mina Salehi, Sima Roushenas Description An account of the resource During the past few months, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected medical service provision. In Iran, it has caused around 197,000 inflictions and 9200 deaths up to June 18, 2020. While many departments turned to telehealth in this era, the trauma service should provide non-stop in presence service to the trauma victims. Our trauma center is the largest in the southwest of Iran, with the mean annual admission of 18,500 polytrauma patients. In this center, we designed a safety protocol to mitigate the spread of disease and also have a more robust case finding system, especially among asymptomatic carriers who attend hospitals based on their trauma. In brief, all unstable patients were considered SARS-COV-2 positive and were directed toward the Specialized COVID-19 related ICU. For all stable patients, history, physical examination, CXR, and lab test (Complete Blood Count, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, C-Reactive Protein) were ordered before entering the wards. If there was any suspicion of COVID-19, the stable patient was admitted to the COVID-19 specialized ward. Among all 1805 patients admitted during a ten weeks interval (from January 30, 2020, to April 14, 2020), 84 had a red flag and toward to COVID-19 related wards. Of those, 67 had positive PCR or evidence in CT in favor of the COOVID-19. Moreover, during regular workups, we found that 19 completely asymptomatic trauma victims had typical Chest CT scan findings of COVID-19. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, pandemics, Communicable Disease Control, trauma, surgery Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.30476/beat.2020.87029 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid