1097 10 20655 http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/35efa77af4fd5effa3cdccb8890841de.pdf d3fa5eca43a5979e40d8ac73c71da89e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oportunidades para acercar la ciencia a la práctica de la restauración de bosques y arbustales de Polylepis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Laura V. Morales Moreno, Beatriz Fuentealba, Cristian S. Sevillano, M. Isabel Gómez, M. Claudia Segovia-Salcedo, Daniel Renison, Daniel Green, Constantino Aucca, Isabell Hensen Description An account of the resource ¿Cómo acercar la ciencia a la práctica de la restauración de los bosques de Polylepis? Esta pregunta suscitó la discusión y la reflexión entre un grupo de científicos académicos y practicantes de restauración que participamos del simposio 'Reforestación y Restauración de Ecosistemas de Polylepis: Experiencias y Perspectivas' durante el IV Congreso Internacional de Ecología y Conservación de Bosques de Polylepis. El diálogo dentro del grupo nos permitió reconocer que existen diferentes experiencias prácticas relacionadas con la reforestación con especies de Polylepis, con distintos objetivos, grado de avance y de éxito, y, en general, poca participación del sector académico. Para que los científicos colaboremos de una manera más efectiva con la restauración de estos bosques, tenemos que realizar investigaciones tanto en áreas relevantes para la ciencia como para la práctica, y compartir nuestros aportes con los practicantes. En este artículo identificamos temas que consideramos prioritarios como guía para definir el marco de trabajo de investigación en la restauración de los bosques de Polylepis y los presentamos de acuerdo con su importancia para los sectores académicos y de practicantes. El sector académico considera que los principales vacíos de información en los que hay que trabajar se relacionan con aspectos ecológicos que abarcan desde la escala genética hasta la de paisaje. Mientras tanto, el sector de los practicantes sostiene que es necesario priorizar aspectos técnicos aplicables a su labor, como selección del sitio, manejo de las especies en vivero y en campo, e identificación de las barreras al establecimiento. Finalmente, sugerimos algunas estrategias de comunicación y cooperación directa en investigación para facilitar la colaboración entre científicos y practicantes de restauración, y para lograr juntos el objetivo de conservar y restaurar los ecosistemas de Polylepis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Subject The topic of the resource bosques andinos, congreso jujuy 2016, estrategias de cooperación, reforestación Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.25260/EA.18.28.1.1.529 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ecología Austral Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Asociación Argentina de Ecología Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Environmental sciences, Ecology Relation A related resource <a href="http://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/529" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/529</a> http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/b7200bc72549ff1b403a74cb6db5e299.pdf 6bc733f47a53c54bd301b06329bfd3fa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GLOBAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT UNDER THE PANDEMIC CRISIS – EFFECTS AND PROSPECTS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Laura Vasilescu Description An account of the resource The investments are one of the essential factors that could ensure economic growth, simultaneously influence both demand and supply and at the same time, represent an incentive for new projects, attributes necessary for an increasing economy.Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an integral part of the international economic system, through the value chaines and therefore, its importance and benefits determined a global competition for capital. Under the recent circumstances generated by the pandemic crisis, the foreign direct investment on the global economy were affected severely by the crisis.In this paper, there were analised the main effects of the pandemic crisis on the global FDI flows considering all forms (cross border financing projects, mergers and acquisitions and greenfield investment), different regions and economies, various sectors and industries, considering the influence factors and the consequences of these evolutions. Also, there are analysed the predictions regarding the impact of COvid 19 on the inflows of FDI, on the economies and the multinational companies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource crisis, foreign direct investment, financing, prospects Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Annals of the University of Craiova: Economic Sciences Series Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universitatea din Craiova Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Business, Economic theory. Demography http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/7ca122297c64753fec824a4b64ced8e9.pdf 7707425bf57ffa813ebd7ed312499c01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vulnerabilidad socioambiental en Monte Caseros, Corrientes: aportes al estudio de las problemáticas socio-espaciales de la localidad Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Laura Zulaica, Rosana Ferraro Description An account of the resource Las ciudades se encuentran expuestas a diversos fenómenos naturales y problemas ambientales que constituyen un desafío para la gestión local, cuya incertidumbre es cada vez mayor en un contexto de cambio climático. En la localidad de Monte Caseros, Corrientes, las crecientes del río Uruguay se traducen en eventos de inundaciones, como los evidenciados hacia fines de 2015 y principios de 2016. Estos fenómenos pueden adquirir mayor o menor relevancia de acuerdo con la capacidad de respuesta de la población expuesta. En este contexto, el objetivo principal del trabajo es evaluar la vulnerabilidad socioambiental en la localidad de Monte Caseros, a fin de brindar una herramienta que permita profundizar en el conocimiento de la capacidad de respuesta de la población ante eventos extremos, como es el caso de las inundaciones. A partir de datos censales de 2010, se construyó un índice sintético (Índice de Vulnerabilidad Socioambiental, IVSA) integrando 20 indicadores que contemplan 5 dimensiones de la vulnerabilidad socioambiental. Posteriormente, los valores obtenidos fueron analizados espacialmente considerando estudios antecedentes y observaciones realizadas en campo. Los valores más críticos (2-3 desvíos estándar por sobre la media) se presentan en el sector sur colindante al río Uruguay y en el área oeste próxima a la vía; las dimensiones que más inciden en el índice son la habitacional y la educativa. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que las áreas ambientalmente conflictivas y asociadas al crecimiento urbano se corresponden con las situaciones de máxima vulnerabilidad reflejadas por el índice. Los mapas elaborados constituyen un instrumento útil para generar estrategias de intervención en áreas críticas, que permitan revertir problemáticas ambientales relevantes, asociadas con la escasa implementación de instrumentos de gestión urbana, como es el ordenamiento territorial. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Subject The topic of the resource INUNDACIONES, Problemas ambientales, crecimiento urbano, ordenamiento territorial Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.18682/jcs.v0i7.555 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal de Ciencias Sociales Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidad de Palermo Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General) Relation A related resource <a href="https://dspace.palermo.edu/ojs/index.php/jcs/article/view/555" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://dspace.palermo.edu/ojs/index.php/jcs/article/view/555</a> http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/d48578443f330929d0f4d4d844a26294.pdf 77860bf513b39d6ae3703ec3ddace990 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Risk Factors for Mortality after COVID-19 in Patients with Preexisting Interstitial Lung Disease. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Laure Gallay, Yurdagül Uzunhan, Raphael Borie, Romain Lazor, Pierre Rigaud, Sylvain Marchand-Adam, Sandrine Hirschi, Dominique Israel-Biet, Victor Valentin, Vincent Cottin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1164/rccm.202007-2638LE Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/ea9bd7d6fd7377fd16feb94554623f69.pdf 797e6eb3fa60ba7c3298066dd6d20713 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hepatitis C Virus Resistance to Carbohydrate-Binding Agents. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Laure Izquierdo, Catarina Oliveira, Carole Fournier, Véronique Descamps, Virginie Morel, Jean Dubuisson, Etienne Brochot, Catherine Francois, Sandrine Castelain, Gilles Duverlie, François Helle Description An account of the resource Carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs), including natural lectins, are more and more considered as broad-spectrum antivirals. These molecules are able to directly inhibit many viruses such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Dengue Virus, Ebola Virus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus through binding to envelope protein N-glycans. In the case of HIV, it has been shown that CBAs select for mutant viruses with N-glycosylation site deletions which are more sensitive to neutralizing antibodies. In this study we aimed at evaluating the HCV resistance to CBAs in vitro. HCV was cultivated in the presence of increasing Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), Cyanovirin-N, Concanavalin-A or Griffithsin concentrations, during more than eight weeks. At the end of lectin exposure, the genome of the isolated strains was sequenced and several potential resistance mutations in the E1E2 envelope glycoproteins were identified. The effect of these mutations on viral fitness as well as on sensitivity to inhibition by lectins, soluble CD81 or the 3/11 neutralizing antibody was assessed. Surprisingly, none of these mutations, alone or in combination, conferred resistance to CBAs. In contrast, we observed that some mutants were more sensitive to 3/11 or CD81-LEL inhibition. Additionally, several mutations were identified in the Core and the non-structural proteins. Thus, our results suggest that in contrast to HIV, HCV resistance to CBAs is not directly conferred by mutations in the envelope protein genes but could occur through an indirect mechanism involving mutations in other viral proteins. Further investigations are needed to completely elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149064 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived PLoS ONE Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Public Library of Science (PLoS) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Science, Medicine Language A language of the resource EN http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/f400517e4285ca88ae8c9dbf09fa54e5.pdf 0d41beb20e948c97c8ca1fa2694c39bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Asociación de frutales de limón persa (Citrus latifolia) y palma de coco (Cocos nucifera L.) con el aporte de materia seca por cultivos anuales Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Laureano Rebolledo-Martínez, Dr., Juan Valente Megchún-García, Dr., Andrés Rebolledo-Martínez, Dr., Dulce María Orozco-Corona Description An account of the resource El objetivo es implementar un sistema de cultivos de maíz y frijol intercalados con frutales de limón persa y palma de coco. El trabajo se estableció en octubre de 2017, en el Hatillo, municipio de la Antigua, Veracruz, con árboles de frutales de limón persa y palma de coco, en cepas con la adición de abonos orgánicos. Se midieron en los frutales, altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, número de hojas y ramas, aporte de materia seca al suelo y se realizaron análisis de suelo en árboles de limón persa, palma de coco y cultivos anuales. Los resultados para limón persa presentan diferencias significativas a los 386 días, con respecto al diámetro de tallo, altura de planta, número de ramas. Con respecto a la palma de coco, el diámetro de tallo presentó diferencias significativas a partir de los 190 días, en la altura de la palma los valores fueron diferentes a los 386 días. En el aporte de materia seca el frijol negro Veracruz, aportó mayor cantidad al suelo con 8,426 t/ha; el maíz híbrido H-520 aportó mayor cantidad de materia seca en la fecha del 23 de febrero del 2018 con 11,333 t/ha. Al analizar la materia orgánica del suelo, se encontró mayor porcentaje en el sistema cultivos intercalados, superando al monocultivo de caña de azúcar. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Subject The topic of the resource Materia orgánica, frutales, intercalados Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.5377/ribcc.v5i10.8968 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Revista Iberoamericana de Bioeconomía y Cambio Climàtico Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Economic theory. Demography, Meteorology. Climatology Relation A related resource <a href="http://revistas.unanleon.edu.ni/index.php/REBICAMCLI/article/view/250" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://revistas.unanleon.edu.ni/index.php/REBICAMCLI/article/view/250</a> http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/55a15386e468f2d56c0a6137b3f1024c.pdf 863a084c8f6237b751eaab70d0c1e2b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SARS during Pregnancy, United States Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lauren A. Stockman, Sara A. Lowther, Karen Coy, Jenny Saw, Umesh D Parashar Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Subject The topic of the resource Letter, SARS, Pregnancy, Transmission, breast milk, United States Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3201/eid1009.040244 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Emerging Infectious Diseases Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine Language A language of the resource EN http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1b77466afa118a592f61c48d8017e16d.pdf 7f23c61382fa5b6756595e88bd10ca7d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Using CPAP in COVID-19 patients outside of the intensive care setting: a comparison of survival and outcomes between dialysis and non-dialysis dependent patients Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lauren Floyd, Madelena Stauss, Joshua Storrar, Parthvi Vanalia, Anna France, Ajay Dhaygude Description An account of the resource Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus associated with high mortality rates. The use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) has been recognised as a management option for severe COVID-19 (NHS, Specialty guides for patient management during the coronavirus pandemic Guidance for the role and use of non-invasive respiratory support in adult patients with coronavirus (confirmed or suspected), https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng159 ). We offered ward-based CPAP to COVID-19, dialysis patients not suitable for escalation to ICU. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of CPAP for COVID-19 dialysis patients compared to non-dialysis COVID-19 patients outside of the intensive care setting. We further aimed to investigate factors associated with improved outcomes. Methods Data was collected from a single centre (Royal Preston Hospital, UK), from March to June 2020. Treatment outcomes were compared for dialysis and non-dialysis dependent patients who received CPAP with limitations on their escalation and resuscitation status. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression models were used to compare outcomes. The primary study outcome was 30 day mortality. Confounders including length of admission, systemic anticoagulation and ultrafiltration volumes on dialysis were also analysed. Results Over the study period, 40 dialysis patients tested positive for COVID-19, with 30 requiring hospital admission. 93% (n = 28) required supplementary oxygen and 12% (n = 9) required CPAP on the ward. These patients were compared to a serial selection of 14 non-dialysis patients treated with CPAP during the same period. Results showed a significant difference in 30 day survival rates between the two groups: 88.9% in the dialysis group vs. 21.4% in the non-dialysis group. Statistical modelling showed that anticoagulation was also an important factor and correlated with better outcomes. Conclusion This is to the best of our knowledge, the largest series of COVID-19 dialysis patients treated with CPAP in a ward-based setting. In general, dialysis dependent patients have multiple co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus making them vulnerable to COVID-19 and not always suitable for treatment in ICU. We showed a significantly lower 30 day mortality rate with the use of CPAP in the dialysis group (11.1%) compared to the non-dialysis group (78.6%). Despite a small sample size, we believe this study provides impetus for further work clarifying the role of CPAP in treating COVID-19 dialysis dependent patients. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, Anti coagulation, dialysis, CPAP Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1186/s12882-021-02341-x Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/215a93220dc6cdd37760d114b8433c83.pdf d2a6a363e8ebba44af1d26441ff7b15b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Antibodies in Bat Biologists Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lauren J. Stockman, Lia M Haynes, Congrong Miao, Jennifer L. Harcourt, Charles E. Rupprecht, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Terri B. Hyde, Alicia M. Fry, Larry J. Anderson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, mammologists, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Letter Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3201/eid1406.070964 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Emerging Infectious Diseases Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine Language A language of the resource EN http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/d65df463a9e230586b2f41fab67bed4e.pdf cb1970c05c27c01435448732720b2402 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SARS: systematic review of treatment effects. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lauren J. Stockman, Richard Bellamy, Paul Garner Description An account of the resource BACKGROUND: The SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 presented clinicians with a new, life-threatening disease for which they had no experience in treating and no research on the effectiveness of treatment options. The World Health Organization (WHO) expert panel on SARS treatment requested a systematic review and comprehensive summary of treatments used for SARS-infected patients in order to guide future treatment and identify priorities for research. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In response to the WHO request we conducted a systematic review of the published literature on ribavirin, corticosteroids, lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r), type I interferon (IFN), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and SARS convalescent plasma from both in vitro studies and in SARS patients. We also searched for clinical trial evidence of treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Sources of data were the literature databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to February 2005. Data from publications were extracted and evidence within studies was classified using predefined criteria. In total, 54 SARS treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies, and three acute respiratory distress syndrome studies met our inclusion criteria. Within in vitro studies, ribavirin, lopinavir, and type I IFN showed inhibition of SARS-CoV in tissue culture. In SARS-infected patient reports on ribavirin, 26 studies were classified as inconclusive, and four showed possible harm. Seven studies of convalescent plasma or IVIG, three of IFN type I, and two of LPV/r were inconclusive. In 29 studies of steroid use, 25 were inconclusive and four were classified as causing possible harm. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an extensive literature reporting on SARS treatments, it was not possible to determine whether treatments benefited patients during the SARS outbreak. Some may have been harmful. Clinical trials should be designed to validate a standard protocol for dosage and timing, and to accrue data in real time during future outbreaks to monitor specific adverse effects and help inform treatment. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030343 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived PLoS Medicine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Public Library of Science (PLoS) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine Language A language of the resource EN