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                <text>COVID-19 in intensive care. Some necessary steps for health care workers</text>
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                <text>Pranav Ish, Nitesh Gupta, Nipun Malhotra, Somya Ish</text>
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                <text>Due to the nature of their profession, health care personnel (HCP) have always been easy targets for transmission of communicable diseases like COVID-19. Shielding HCPs is of consequential significance in ensuring continued health care for the whole population in addition to reducing further spread. Close contact, repeated contact and prolonged contact are unavoidable in the intensive care (IC) environment. It is not uncommon for IC-HCPs to get carried away during an emergent situation, such as that posed by a suddenly deteriorating patient, and forgo the protective barriers that protect them from contracting a communicable infection. Some notable precautionary measures are mentioned below. This is by no means an exhaustive list.</text>
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                <text>protection, coronavirus, ICU</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1284</text>
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                <text>Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease</text>
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                <text>Pranav Ish, Sumita Agrawal, Nitesh Gupta, Amitesh Gupta, Nipun Malhotra, Jose Antonio Caminero, Rupak Singla, Rohit Kumar, Siddharth Raj Yadav, Nishanth Dev, Santvana Kohli, M K Sen, Shibdas Chakrabarti, N K Gupta</text>
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                <text>The European respiratory journal</text>
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                <text>Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospects for the Future</text>
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                <text>Prasanna  Venkatesh Sampath, Gaddam  Sai Jagadeesh, Chandra  Sekhar Bahinipati</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely impacting food and nutrition security and requires urgent attention from policymakers. Sustainable intensification of agriculture is one strategy that attempts to increase food production without adversely impacting the environment, by shifting from water-intensive crops to other climate-resistant and nutritious crops. This paper focuses on the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh by studying the impact of shifting 20% of the area under paddy and cotton cultivation to other crops like millets and pulses. Using FAO’s CROPWAT model, along with monsoon forecasts and detailed agricultural data, we simulate the crop water requirements across the study area. We simulate a business-as-usual base case and compare it to multiple crop diversification strategies using various parameters—food, calories, protein production, as well as groundwater and energy consumption. Results from this study indicate that reduced paddy cultivation decreases groundwater and energy consumption by around 9–10%, and a calorie deficit between 4 and 8%—making up this calorie deficit requires a 20–30% improvement in the yields of millets and pulses. We also propose policy interventions to incentivize the cultivation of nutritious and climate-resistant crops as a sustainable strategy towards strengthening food and nutrition security while lowering the environmental footprint of food production.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, food security, water security, sustainable intensification, crop diversification, nutrition security</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Hydraulic engineering, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes</text>
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                <text>Prasenjit Mitra, Smriti Suri, Taru Goyal, Radhieka Misra, Kuldeep Singh, M. K. Garg, Sanjeev Misra, Praveen Sharma</text>
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                <text>The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started with few cases of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan, China. It has now become one of the significant public health emergencies of all time. Within 5 months of its existence, it has led to a significant impact on national and international policies. Apart from being a medical emergency, it is also affecting the global economy, and without proper measures, it may have severely impact the socioeconomic statuses of individuals. It has profoundly challenged the healthcare infrastructure, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Every nation is trying to safeguard its population and the health workers as adequately as possible. While we still wait for the development of an absolute cure in the form of a vaccine, preventive measures have taken the lead in reducing the disease spread and breaking the chain of transmission. The knowledge gained from the clinical characteristics of patients has suggested markers or comorbid conditions that may aid in the risk assessment. This narrative review aims to provide an update on SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, its pathogenesis, the clinical and laboratory features, and its association with several comorbid conditions that may influence the prognosis of this disease.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, ACE2, diabetes, aging, Hypovitaminosis</text>
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                <text>10.1055/s-0040-1714159</text>
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                <text>Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India)</text>
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                <text>Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</text>
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                <text>Ten maxims for out of class learning to outclass the academic challenges of COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Prashanti Eachempati, Komattil Ramnarayan</text>
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                <text>Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, universities world over are aggressively moving their learning, teaching and assessment to online platforms.  Educators suddenly feel unsettled, unprepared and unsupported.This inevitable segue from a traditional to online environment will need faculty to grapple quickly and efficiently with the technological imperatives.  The purpose of this article is to present ten maxims to navigate the academic challenges posed by out of class learning. The article includes a user-friendly checklist to facilitate the blooming of online teachers.</text>
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                <text>Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE)</text>
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                <text>Patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during COVID-19 pandemic have higher morbidity. Treatment of these patients require aerosolization procedures like nebulization and noninvasive modalities for ventilation like non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). Role of these procedures in corona virus transmission when treating a case of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be further studied.</text>
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                <text>Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>News Sentiment Informed Time-series Analyzing AI (SITALA) to curb the spread of COVID-19 in Houston.</text>
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                <text>Prathamesh S Desai</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic with many unknowns. Houston, located in the Harris County of Texas, is becoming the next hotspot of this pandemic. With a severe decline in international and inter-state travel, a model at the county level is needed as opposed to the state or country level. Existing approaches have a few drawbacks. Firstly, the data used is the number of COVID-19 positive cases instead of positivity. The former is a function of the number of tests carried out while the number of tests normalizes the latter. Positivity gives a better picture of the spread of this pandemic as, with time, more tests are being administered. Positivity under 5% has been desired for the reopening of businesses to almost 100% capacity. Secondly, the data used by models like SEIRD (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered, and Deceased) lacks information about the sentiment of people concerning coronavirus. Thirdly, models that make use of social media posts might have too much noise and misinformation. On the other hand, news sentiment can capture long-term effects of hidden variables like public policy, opinions of local doctors, and disobedience of state-wide mandates. The present study introduces a new artificial intelligence (i.e., AI) model, viz., Sentiment Informed Time-series Analyzing AI (SITALA), trained on COVID-19 test positivity data and news sentiment from over 2750 news articles for Harris county. The news sentiment was obtained using IBM Watson Discovery News. SITALA is inspired by Google-Wavenet architecture and makes use of TensorFlow. The mean absolute error for the training dataset of 66 consecutive days is 2.76, and that for the test dataset of 22 consecutive days is 9.6. A cone of uncertainty is provided within which future COVID-19 test positivity has been shown to fall with high accuracy. The model predictions fare better than a published Bayesian-based SEIRD model. The model forecasts that in order to curb the spread of coronavirus in Houston, a sustained negative news sentiment (e.g., death count for COVID-19 will grow at an alarming rate in Houston if mask orders are not followed) will be desirable. Public policymakers may use SITALA to set the tone of the local policies and mandates.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>artificial intelligence, deep learning, Public Policy, News sentiment, COVID-19 model, Pandemic forecast</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115104</text>
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                <text>Expert systems with applications</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Review the safety of Covid-19 mRNA vaccines: a review</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Pratibha Anand, Vincent P. Stahel</text>
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                <text>Abstract The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 100 million people globally within the first year of the pandemic. With a death toll surpassing 500,000 in the United States alone, containing the pandemic is predicated on achieving herd immunity on a global scale. This implies that at least 70-80 % of the population must achieve active immunity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), either as a result of a previous COVID-19 infection or by vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In December 2020, the first two vaccines were approved by the FDA through emergency use authorization in the United States. These vaccines are based on the mRNA vaccine platform and were developed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. Published safety and efficacy trials reported high efficacy rates of 94-95 % after two interval doses, in conjunction with limited side effects and a low rate of adverse reactions. The rapid pace of vaccine development and the uncertainty of potential long-term adverse effects raised some level of hesitation against mRNA vaccines in the global community. A successful vaccination campaign is contingent on widespread access to the vaccine under appropriate storage conditions, deployment of a sufficient number of vaccinators, and the willingness of the population to be vaccinated. Thus, it is important to clarify the objective data related to vaccine safety, including known side effects and potential adverse reactions. The present review was designed to provide an update on the current state of science related to the safety and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine, vaccine safety</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.1186/s13037-021-00291-9</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="63651">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Surgery</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Safe Biochemical Testing of COVID-19 Samples: A Clinical Lab Perspective</text>
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                <text>Pratibha Misra, Kapil Bhatia, Rakhi Negi, Bhasker Mukherjee, MK Sibin</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The current COVID-19 pandemic has not only greatly burdened healthcare system globally but also exposed the medical andparamedical staff to risk of infection. Although the major mode of transmission of this highly infectious disease is via close contactwith an infected person i.e., droplet infection due to coughing/sneezing and aerosol generation, few research articles have shownpresence of SARS-CoV-2 in blood and serum. This poses a potential risk to health care professionals who are handling thesesamples. Once the suspected/confirmed case of COVID-19 is admitted in the hospital setting, it requires a battery of clinicalchemistry investigations. Laboratory has a vital and indispensable role to play in the management of COVID-19 patients as severalbiochemical markers are used for prognostication as well as monitoring and guiding treatment in the critical patients. Hence, thisevaluation was undertaken to have protocols based on robust recommendations and guidelines to be followed while handling thepotentially infective samples in the clinical laboratories in order to ensure safety of the staff. However, these recommendations arebased on the limited and rapidly evolving knowledge available at the moment and hence need to be reviewed periodically.</text>
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                <text>Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, analysis, Sodium hypochlorite, sample processing, biochemical investigations</text>
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                <text>10.7860/JCDR/2020/44996.13878</text>
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                <text>Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research</text>
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                <text>JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                <text>Pratik Khanal, Minakshi Dahal, Navin Devkota, Kiran Paudel, Devavrat Joshi</text>
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                <text>Abstract Background Health care workers exposed to COVID-19 might be at increased risk of developing mental health problems. The study aimed to identify factors associated with anxiety, depression and insomnia among health workers involved in COVID-19 response in Nepal. Methods This was a cross-sectional web-based survey conducted between April 26 and May 12, 2020. A total of 475 health workers participated in the study. Anxiety and depression were measured using a 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS: 0–21) and insomnia was measured by using a 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI: 0–28). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to determine the risk factors of mental health outcomes. Results Overall, 41.9% of health workers had symptoms of anxiety, 37.5% had depression symptoms and 33.9% had symptoms of insomnia. Stigma faced by health workers was significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing symptoms of anxiety (AOR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.62–3.76), depression (AOR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.34–3.11) and insomnia (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.46–3.84). History of medication for mental health problems was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing symptoms of anxiety (AOR: 3.40; 95% CI:1.31–8.81), depression (AOR: 3.83; 95% CI: 1.45–10.14) and insomnia (AOR: 3.82; 95% CI: 1.52–9.62) while inadequate precautionary measures in the workplace was significantly associated with higher odds of exhibiting symptoms of anxiety (AOR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.12–3.19) and depression (AOR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.16–3.37). Nurses (AOR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.21–4.47) were significantly more likely to experience anxiety symptoms than other health workers. Conclusion The study findings revealed a considerate proportion of anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms among health workers during the early phase of the pandemic in Nepal. Health workers facing stigma, those with history of medication for mental health problems, and those reporting inadequate precautionary measures in their workplace were more at risk of developing mental health outcomes. A focus on improving mental wellbeing of health workers should be immediately initiated with attention to reduction of stigma, ensuring an adequate support system such as personal protective equipments, and family support for those with history of mental health problems.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="68029">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="68030">
                <text>Anxiety, mental health, covid-19, Depression, Health workers, insomnia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="68031">
                <text>10.1186/s12992-020-00621-z</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="68032">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="68033">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="68034">
                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
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