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                <text>Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections</text>
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                <text>Zihai Li, Hanaa Ahmed-Hassan, Hanaa Ahmed-Hassan, Brianna Sisson, Rajni Kant Shukla, Yasasvi Wijewantha, Nicholas T. Funderburg, Don Hayes, Don Hayes, Thorsten Demberg, Namal P. M. Liyanage, Namal P. M. Liyanage, Namal P. M. Liyanage</text>
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                <text>The new pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China and spread around the world in &amp;lt;3 months, infecting millions of people, and causing countries to shut down public life and businesses. Nearly all nations were unprepared for this pandemic with healthcare systems stretched to their limits due to the lack of an effective vaccine and treatment. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is respiratory disease that can result in a cytokine storm with stark differences in morbidity and mortality between younger and older patient populations. Details regarding mechanisms of viral entry via the respiratory system and immune system correlates of protection or pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we provide an overview of the innate immune responses in the lung to the coronaviruses MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. This review provides insight into key innate immune mechanisms that will aid in the development of therapeutics and preventive vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 infection.</text>
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                <text>Immunologic diseases. Allergy</text>
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                <text>Associativismo em Rede: uma Construção Identitária em Territórios de Agricultura Familiar</text>
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                <text>Zilá Mesquita, Márcio Bauer</text>
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                <text>. . .</text>
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                <text>2005</text>
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                <text>Agricultura Familiar, Sul do Brasil, associativismo, identidade, rede de agricultura familiar</text>
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                <text>10.14409/pampa.v1i1.3124</text>
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                <text>Pampa: Revista Interuniversitaria de Estudios Territoriales</text>
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                <text>Universidad Nacional del Litoral</text>
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                <text>Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, Regional planning</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/publicaciones/index.php/PAMPA/article/view/3124" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/publicaciones/index.php/PAMPA/article/view/3124&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>A agroecologia como perspectiva de sustentabilidade na agricultura familiar</text>
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                <text>Zildenice Matias Guedes Maia, Elisabete Stradiotto Siqueira, Christiane Fernandes dos Santos, Iriane Teresa de Araújo</text>
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                <text>O presente trabalho avalia aspectos de ordem social, econômica e ambiental advindos das práticas dos agricultores familiares da APROFAM (Associação dos Produtores e Produtoras Agroecológicas de Mossoró), que comercializam semanalmente sua produção na Feira Agroecológica, de modo a analisar como proporcionam o desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura de base familiar. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas dialogadas com seis desses produtores. Os dados foram obtidos através de visita in loco, registro fotográfico e levantamento de dados qualitativos e quantitativos no período de janeiro a março de 2012. A criação da Feira possibilitou o acesso ao mercado local, organização por parte dos produtores para adquirir a certificação participativa, produção mais diversificada, aumento na renda familiar, colaborando com a permanência das famílias no campo. Observou-se, ainda, que existem desafios a serem superados, pois 75% dos entrevistados não conseguem contabilizar seus custos de produção, nem mensurar as quantidades comercializadas. Ainda, existe insuficiência de assessoria técnica, disponibilidade hídrica, entre outros, que impossibilitam o fortalecimento dessa forma de organização social.</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                <text>Espaço Rural, agroecologia, sustentabilidade</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.1590/S1414-753X2014000200004</text>
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                <text>Ambiente &amp; Sociedade</text>
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                <text>Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ambiente e Sociedade (ANPPAS)</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Human ecology. Anthropogeography</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/pdf/asoc/v17n2/en_a04v17n2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/pdf/asoc/v17n2/en_a04v17n2.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Zilincikova Maria, Stofkova Jana</text>
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                <text>Research background: The digitization of public administration processes has helped the functioning of the public sector at a time when the health of citizens is threatened by the virus. The economic sustainability of public administration has its place in government programs as an important means of modernizing, supporting, and optimizing the functioning of the public sector, improving public services. It focuses on a sustainable state in an emergency, or in times of crisis. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to analyze and compare electronic services provided by public administration to citizens, businesses before and after the corona virus. The above analysis was supplemented by a questionnaire survey among citizens, entrepreneurs of the Slovak Republic focusing on the satisfaction of electronic public administration services at the time of the corona virus. Methods: The article applied the analysis and comparison of the state of provided electronic services before and after the corona virus. Prediction of future development was determined based on available data, by ex-ante analysis using the method of simple moving averages. An additional method of research was primary research satisfaction. Findings &amp; Value added: An important milestone in the time of the coronary virus pandemic is the optimization of systems, services, and the strengthening of intervention capacities for emergency management. The findings presented in the paper point to changes related to the economic development of the state economy, changes in employment in the labor market and planned measures to rehabilitate the damage caused by COVID 19.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, digital transformation, public administration, technologies, informatization</text>
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                <text>10.1051/shsconf/20219201059</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>The emergence and fast global spread of COVID-19 has presented one of the greatest public health challenges in modern times with no proven cure or vaccine. Africa is still early in this epidemic, therefore the extent of disease severity is not yet clear. We used a mathematical model to fit to the observed cases of COVID-19 in South Africa to estimate the basic reproductive number and critical vaccination coverage to control the disease for different hypothetical vaccine efficacy scenarios. We also estimated the percentage reduction in effective contacts due to the social distancing measures implemented. Early model estimates show that COVID-19 outbreak in South Africa had a basic reproductive number of 2.95 (95% credible interval [CrI] 2.83-3.33). A vaccine with 70% efficacy had the capacity to contain COVID-19 outbreak but at very higher vaccination coverage 94.44% (95% Crl 92.44-99.92%) with a vaccine of 100% efficacy requiring 66.10% (95% Crl 64.72-69.95%) coverage. Social distancing measures put in place have so far reduced the number of social contacts by 80.31% (95% Crl 79.76-80.85%). These findings suggest that a highly efficacious vaccine would have been required to contain COVID-19 in South Africa. Therefore, the current social distancing measures to reduce contacts will remain key in controlling the infection in the absence of vaccines and other therapeutics.</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Zirhumanana Balike Dieudonné</text>
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                <text>Since the apparition of the SRAS-Cov-2 in Wuhan in China, several countries have set diverse measures to stop its spread. Measures envisaged include national or local lockdown and travels ban. In the DRC, these measures have seriously prejudiced the economy of the country which is mainly informal. In this paper, a mathematical model for the spread of Covid-19 in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) taking into account the vulnerability of congolese economy is proposed. To mitigate the spreading of the virus no national lockdown is proposed, only individuals affected by the virus or suspicious are quarantined. The reproduction number for the Covid-19 is calculated and numerical simulations are performed using Python software. A clear advice for policymakers is deduced from the forecasting of the model.</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Approximate noise maps as instrument for evaluation of the city environment quality</text>
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                <text>Ziv Alexander, Solov’eva Elena</text>
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                <text>The paper discusses noise mapping from the prospective of general evaluation of the state of the city environment. Suggested is a noise evaluation procedure based on a two-step spatial discretization - coarse and fine grids. The coarse grid is used for evaluation of average noise levels (background noise). For this, rather simple method is proposed, where average noise levels are estimated directly for the whole coarse grid cells instead of averaging the noise levels computed point-wise. The fine grid is used for finding the obstacle density to apply in calculations over the coarse grid. It may be used also for additional noise levels detailing in the close vicinity of noise sources where noise propagation is strongly affected by surrounding structures. The detailed results allow correction of the averages over the coarse grid. In comparison with other approaches, the suggested procedure takes little computing time to execute for the entire city. Test example shows reasonable agreement with results computed using the ‘Ecolog-Noise’ software package that has gained popularity in Russian Federation since its introduction in 2008. Another example describes the application of the proposed method for a moderate size densely built city.</text>
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                <text>average noise level, mesh points, noise mapping</text>
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                <text>10.1515/noise-2021-0021</text>
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                <text>Noise Mapping</text>
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                <text>De Gruyter</text>
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                <text>Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/noise-2021-0021" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1515/noise-2021-0021&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The role of science in modern society</text>
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                <text>innovations, scientific society, pandemia, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.2298/HEMIND200427013Z</text>
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                <text>Hemijska Industrija</text>
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                <text>Association of Chemical Engineers of Serbia</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Host Innate Immune Response</text>
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                <text>Zixiang Zhu, Haixue Zheng, Shasha Li, Jinping Yang</text>
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                <text>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV), is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). PED causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets, which has led to substantial economic losses in many countries and is a great threat to the global swine industry. Interferons (IFNs) are major cytokines involved in host innate immune defense, which induce the expression of a broad range of antiviral effectors that help host to control and antagonize viral infections. PEDV infection does not elicit a robust IFN response, and some of the mechanisms used by the virus to counteract the host innate immune response have been unraveled. PEDV evades the host innate immune response by two main strategies including: (1) encoding IFN antagonists to disrupt innate immune pathway, and (2) hiding its viral RNA to avoid the exposure of viral RNA to immune sensors. This review highlights the immune evasion mechanisms employed by PEDV, which provides insights for the better understanding of PEDV-host interactions and developing effective vaccines and antivirals against CoVs.</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, type-I IFN, innate immunity, immune evasion</text>
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                <text>10.3390/pathogens9050367</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking Reveals the Mechanism of Anisodamine Hydrobromide Injection against Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia</text>
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                <text>Zixuan Liu, Jinsong Su, Chuan Liu, Xuanhao Li, Yi Wang, Jing Zhao, Qingjiang Wu, Shichao Zheng, Yi Zhang</text>
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                <text>Background. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Anisodamine hydrobromide injection (AHI), the main ingredient of which is anisodamine, is a listed drug for improving microcirculation in China. Anisodamine can improve the condition of patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods. Protein-protein interactions obtained from the String databases were used to construct the protein interaction network (PIN) of AHI using Cytoscape. The crucial targets of AHI PIN were screened by calculating three topological parameters. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. The intersection between the AHI component proteins and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) coexpression proteins was analyzed. We further investigated our predictions of crucial targets by performing molecular docking studies with anisodamine. Results. The PIN of AHI, including 172 nodes and 1454 interactions, was constructed. A total of 54 crucial targets were obtained based on topological feature calculations. The results of Gene Ontology showed that AHI could regulate cell death, cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, and immune system processes. KEGG disease pathways were mainly enriched in viral infections, cancer, and immune system diseases. Between AHI targets and ACE2 coexpression proteins, 26 common proteins were obtained. The results of molecular docking showed that anisodamine bound well to all the crucial targets. Conclusion. The network pharmacological strategy integrated molecular docking to explore the mechanism of action of AHI against COVID-19. It provides protein targets associated with COVID-19 that may be further tested as therapeutic targets of anisodamine.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>10.1155/2020/5818107</text>
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                <text>Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine</text>
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                <text>Hindawi Limited</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Other systems of medicine</text>
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