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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of changes in the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes in patients with a new COVID-19 coronavirus infection (based on autopsy results)</text>
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                <text>D. N. Fedorov, P. A. Korosteleva, D. I. Zybin, M. A. Popov, V. M. Tyurina, A. V. Varlamov</text>
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                <text>Background: Research into the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is currently a hot topic that requires the accumulation, management and analysis of the data. Understanding the mechanisms of the disease and their characteristics would help to improve diagnostic quality, treatment efficacy and reduce mortality. Aim: To identify morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the bronchopulmonary lymph node tissues in autopsied patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 44 autopsy samples from patients who were hospitalized and died from the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute. Macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical assessment methods were used.Results: We found stereotypical abnormalities in the morphology and cellular composition of the lymphoid tissue depending on the duration of the disease. These included signs of B-cell-mediated immunity suppression manifested by a decrease in the number and size of lymphoid follicles and occurs at latest after 7 days from the onset of the disease. In the patients with the disease duration of up to 14 days, the T-cell pool of the lymph nodes is represented mainly by CD4+ T-lymphocytes. With longer duration of the disease, there is a gradual increase in the number of lymphoid follicles and their sizes, with changes of the CD4+ to CD8+ T-cell ratio towards higher CD8+ counts. After 21 days of the disease, the CD4+ to CD8+ ratio levels off.Conclusion: The results obtained indicate a direct damaging effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the lymph node tissues of the bronchopulmonary group. The possibility of secondary transient immune deficiency and infectious  complications in patients with a new coronavirus infection is discussed.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>pathogenesis, covid-19 infection, lymphoid tissue, pathological anatomy</text>
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                <text>10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-034</text>
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                <text>Alʹmanah Kliničeskoj Mediciny</text>
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                <text>MONIKI</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>GOTILWA+: un modelo de procesos que evalúa efectos del cambio climático en los bosques y explora alternativas de gestión para su mitigación</text>
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                <text>D. Nadal-Sala, S. Sabaté, C. Gracia</text>
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                <text>En el contexto actual de cambio climático resulta fundamental disponer de herramientas que permitan explorar las posibles respuestas de los eco-sistemas a los cambios que proyectan los modelos climáticos. GOTILWA+ es un modelo de simulación forestal, basado en procesos, que permite explorar los efectos sobre los bosques de distintos escenarios de cambio climático, así como sus respuestas a distintas opciones de gestión forestal. Los bosques españoles actualmente actúan en su conjunto como sumideros de carbono. Esta tendencia puede cambiar durante la segunda mitad de este siglo, cuando parte de los bosques españoles  pueden convertirse en emisores netos de carbono. La principal causa de este cambio de comportamiento se proyecta que será debido al incremento de la aridez asociada al cambio climático. Además, la fracción de precipitación evapo-transpirada por los bosques se verá incrementada debido al incremento de la demanda hídrica atmosférica. No obstante, una gestión adaptada a las nuevas condiciones climáticas puede  aumentar la eficiencia en el uso del agua por parte de los  bosques, además de contribuir a mantener sus balances de carbono positivos.</text>
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                <text>2013</text>
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                <text>Ecosistemas</text>
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                <text>Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre</text>
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                <text>Environmental sciences</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=54029508005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=54029508005&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>D. P. Rogers, L. Anderson-Berry, A.-M. Bogdanova, G. Fleming, H. Gitay, S. Kahandawa, H. Kootval, M. Staudinger, M. Suwa, V. Tsirkunov, W. Wang</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Having a common framework for early action to cope with complex disasters can make it easier for authorities and other stakeholders, including populations at risk, to understand the full spectrum of secondary and tertiary effects and thus where to focus preparedness efforts, and how best to provide more targeted warnings and response services. Meteorological and hydrological services world-wide have developed and implemented Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems (MHEWS) for weather and climate related hazards that are now being expanded and transitioned towards Multi-Hazard Impact-based Early Warning Systems (MHIEWS). While it is still early days it is becoming clear that there are useful lessons from this approach in the COVID-19 global pandemic, and some valuable insight to be gained in risk communication, risk analysis and monitoring methodologies and approaches. The ability to understand and respond effectively to warnings through appropriate behaviours and actions is central to resilient societies and communities. By avoiding physical, societal and economic harm to the greatest extent possible, recovery from a hazard is likely to be faster, less costly and more complete.     MHIEWS can be a common approach for all hazards and therefore more likely to become a trusted tool that everyone can understand and use as a basic element of their national disaster risk management system. The interconnectedness of hazards and their impacts is a strong motivator for a common approach. One of the lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and extreme weather events is the need to understand the vulnerability of individuals, communities and societies so as to provide reliable, targeted guidance and warnings and the willingness and capacity to prepare for a reasonable worst-case scenario based on informed long-term planning. Meteorology and hydrology are making good progress in this direction and the process can be readily applied to health and other sectors.</text>
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                <text>10.5194/asr-17-129-2020</text>
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                <text>Advances in Science and Research</text>
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                <text>Copernicus Publications</text>
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                <text>Science, Physics, Meteorology. Climatology</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Bird roadkill occurences in Aragon, Spain</text>
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                <text>D. Vidal–Vallés, A. Rodríguez, E. Pérez–Collazos</text>
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                <text>Atropellos mortales de aves en Aragón, España  La expansión de la red viaria y el aumento del tráfico de vehículos se  han convertido en una amenaza importante para los vertebrados en el  último siglo. Algunas estimaciones sitúan entre 2 y 9 millones de  individuos afectados anualmente en Europa, con variaciones entre países.  En España existen pocos estudios a escala nacional y autonómica. En  este estudio se ha utilizado la base de datos del Centro de Recuperación  de Fauna Silvestre de La Alfranca para determinar la localización,  temporalidad e incidencia de los atropellos de avifauna que se producen  en la comunidad autónoma de Aragón. Se han detectado 643 atropellos  mortales de aves silvestres (71 especies) entre los años 2012 y 2014.  Nueve de estas especies presentan una incidencia de atropellos alta;  cuatro, una incidencia moderada, y 57, una incidencia baja. La especie  con la mayor incidencia fue el buitre leonado (120 individuos). La  distribución espacial de los atropellos fue heterogénea y julio, agosto y  septiembre fueron los meses con mayor incidencia. Se identificaron 41  áreas de incidencia alta de atropellos, usando el índice de atropellos  mortales por kilómetro (RI): 28 en la provincia de Zaragoza, 9 en la de  Huesca y 4 en la de Teruel. Se proponen una serie de estrategias de  gestión con el fin de reducir esta amenaza para las aves silvestres.</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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                <text>Ecología de carreteras, Mitigación, Rapaz, necrófago, Áreas de incidencia alta de atropellos, Índice de atropellos mortales por kilómetro</text>
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                <text>10.32800/abc.2018.41.0379</text>
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                <text>Animal Biodiversity and Conservation</text>
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                <text>Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona</text>
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                <text>Zoology</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.raco.cat/index.php/ABC/article/view/340271" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.raco.cat/index.php/ABC/article/view/340271&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Qualidade do leite e perfil das propriedades leiteiras no sul de Santa Catarina: abordagem multivariada</text>
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                <text>D. Werncke, A.M. Gabbi, A.S. Abreu, N.C. Felipus, N.L. Machado, L.L. Cardoso, F.A. Schmid, D.R.M. Alessio, V. Fischer, A. Thaler Neto</text>
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                <text>O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar as propriedades leiteiras da região do Vale do Braço do Norte, sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil, quanto à qualidade do leite e ao perfil em infraestrutura, manejo e alimentação dos animais. Foram coletadas informações de 50 propriedades leiteiras, obtidas por meio da aplicação de um questionário estruturado, abrangendo questões socioeconômicas dos produtores, manejo do rebanho, estrutura da propriedade, caracterização dos animais, alimentação das vacas além de manejo e higiene da ordenha. As amostras de leite foram submetidas a análises de composição, contagem bacteriana total, contagem de células somáticas e estabilidade do leite ao teste do álcool. Os dados foram analisados pela análise fatorial, discriminante, canônica, e de agrupamento. As propriedades têm como principal característica a agricultura familiar, com área média de 30 hectares; destes, 15,1 são destinados à pecuária leiteira, com média de 23,1 vacas ordenhadas. Na análise fatorial, o primeiro fator representa as relações entre as práticas de higiene na ordenha e de controle/prevenção de mastite, o segundo fator compreende a infraestrutura da fazenda com o nível de produção e o terceiro fator demonstra a relação entre a suplementação concentrada, a produção e a estabilidade do leite ao teste do álcool. A análise de agrupamento formou três grupos, sendo dois compostos por produtores com maior nível tecnológico e outro constituído por pequenos produtores com menor infraestrutura e nível de tecnologia. As propriedades que apresentam infraestrutura mais adequada para a produção, maior adoção das práticas recomendadas de manejo de ordenha e critérios de alimentação mais adequados produzem leite com melhor qualidade.</text>
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                <text>composição do leite, contagem bacteriana total, contagem de células somáticas, estabilidade do leite ao álcool, manejo de ordenha</text>
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                <text>10.1590/1678-4162-8396</text>
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                <text>Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</text>
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                <text>An overview on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)</text>
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                <text>Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged infectious disease that has caught the medical profession by surprise in 2003. The major clinical features include persistent fever, chills/rigor, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headache and dyspnoea but diarrhea occurs in 40-70% of patients after hospital admission. Respiratory failure is the major complication of SARS; at least half of the patients require supplemental oxygen during the acute phase whereas about 20% of patients progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilatory support. In contrast, the severity is generally mild in infected young children. Due to our limited understanding of this new disease, treatment of SARS was empirical in 2003. Protease inhibitor (Lopinavir/ritonavir) in combination with ribavirin may play a role as antiviral therapy in the early phase whereas nelfinavir is a promising alternative. The role of interferon and systemic steroid in preventing immune- mediated lung injury deserves further investigation. In addition, other anti-viral treatment, RNA interference, monoclonal antibody, synthetic peptides, and vaccines are being developed. Rapid diagnosis, early isolation, and good infection control measures are important in preventing spread of the infection.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2005.632</text>
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                <text>Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease</text>
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                <text>Molecular Characterizations of Subcellular Localization Signals in the Nucleocapsid Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus</text>
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                <text>Da Shi, Maojie Lv, Jianfei Chen, Hongyan Shi, Sha Zhang, Xin Zhang, Li Feng</text>
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                <text>The nucleolus is a dynamic subnuclear structure, which is crucial to the normal operation of the eukaryotic cell. The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein, plays important roles in the process of virus replication and cellular infection. Virus infection and transfection showed that N protein was predominately localized in the cytoplasm, but also found in the nucleolus in Vero E6 cells. Furthermore, by utilizing fusion proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP), deletion mutations or site-directed mutagenesis of PEDV N protein, coupled with live cell imaging and confocal microscopy, it was revealed that, a region spanning amino acids (aa), 71–90 in region 1 of the N protein was sufficient for nucleolar localization and R87 and R89 were critical for its function. We also identified two nuclear export signals (NES, aa221–236, and 325–364), however, only the nuclear export signal (aa325–364) was found to be functional in the context of the full-length N protein. Finally, the activity of this nuclear export signal (NES) was inhibited by the antibiotic Lepomycin B, suggesting that N is exported by a chromosome region maintenance 1-related export pathway.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/v6031253</text>
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                <text>Significant Interference with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pandemic and Classical Strain Replication in Small-Intestine Epithelial Cells Using an shRNA Expression Vector</text>
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                <text>Da Shi, Xiaobo Wang, Hongyan Shi, Jiyu Zhang, Yuru Han, Jianfei Chen, Xin Zhang, Jianbo Liu, Jialin Zhang, Zhaoyang Ji, Zhaoyang Jing, Li Feng</text>
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                <text>Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) re-emerged in China in 2010 and is now widespread. Evidence indicates that highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strains belonging to genotype G2 caused a large-scale outbreak of diarrhea. Currently, vaccines derived from PEDV classical strains do not effectively prevent infection by virulent PEDV strains, and no specific drug is available to treat the disease. RNA interference (RNAi) is a novel and effective way to cure a wide range of viruses. We constructed three short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing plasmids (shR-N307, shR-N463, and shR-N1071) directed against nucleocapsid (N) and determined their antiviral activities in intestine epithelial cells infected with a classical CV777 strain and LNCT2. We verified that shR-N307, shR-N463, and shR-N1071 effectively inhibited the expression of the transfected N gene in vitro, comparable to the control shRNA. We further demonstrated the shRNAs markedly reduced PEDV CV777 and LNCT2 replication upon downregulation of N production. Therefore, this study provides a new strategy for the design of antiviral methods against coronaviruses by targeting their processivity factors.</text>
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                <text>porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, RNA interference, processivity factor, intestine epithelial cells, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; gene</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040173</text>
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                <text>Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Apoptotic Properties of NO-Donor/Enmein-Type ent-Kauranoid Hybrids</text>
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                <text>Da-hong LI, Xu Hu, Tong Han, Shengtao Xu, Tingting Zhou, Zhenzhong Wang, Keguang Cheng, Zhan-Lin Li, Hui-Ming Hua, Wei Xiao, Jinyi Xu</text>
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                <text>Herein, we reported on a series of synthetic nitric oxide-releasing enmein-type diterpenoid hybrids (9a–i). All the target compounds showed potent antibacterial activity against selected Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis. The antiproliferative activity against human tumor K562, MGC-803, CaEs-17 and Bel-7402 cells, and human normal liver cells L-02 was tested and the structure activity relationships (SARs) were also concluded. Compounds 9b and 9d showed the best activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with the same minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4 and 2 μg/mL, respectively. The derivative 9f displayed IC50 values of 1.68, 1.11, 3.60 and 0.72 μM against the four cancer cell lines above and 18.80 μM against normal liver cells L-02; meanwhile, 9f also released a high level of NO at the time point of 60 min of 22.24 μmol/L. Furthermore, it was also found that 9f induced apoptosis via the mitochondria-related pathway and arrested cell cycle of Bel-7402 cells at S phase. These findings might be important to explore new chemical entities for the main causes of in-hospital mortality of S. aureus infection, combined with a solid tumor.</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                <text>NO donor, enmein-type, ent-kauranoid, antiproliferative, apoptosis</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060747</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Biology (General), Chemistry</text>
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                <text>EN</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Severe COVID-19: NLRP3 Inflammasome Dysregulated</text>
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                <text>Daan F. van den Berg, Anje A. te Velde</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 might directly activate NLRP3 inflammasome resulting in an endogenous adjuvant activity necessary to mount a proper adaptive immune response against the virus. Heterogeneous response of COVID-19 patients could be attributed to differences in not being able to properly downregulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This relates to the fitness of the immune system of the individual challenged by the virus. Patients with a reduced immune fitness can demonstrate a dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activity resulting in severe COVID-19 with tissue damage and a cytokine storm. We sketch the outlines of five possible scenarios for COVID-19 in medical practice and provide potential treatment options targeting dysregulated endogenous adjuvant activity in severe COVID-19 patients.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Therapy, HMGB1, NLRP3 inflammasome, endogenous adjuvant activity</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fimmu.2020.01580</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Immunologic diseases. Allergy</text>
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