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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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                <text>Using Health Insurance Network Provider Data and Public Data Sets to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinators in the USA</text>
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                <text>John R. Litaker, Naomi Tamez, Wesley Durkalski, Richard Taylor</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>Objective: Mass vaccination planning is occurring at all levels of government in advance of regulatory approval and manufacture of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for distribution sometime in 2021. We outline a methodology in which both health insurance provider network data and publicly available data sources can be used to identify and plan for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinator capacity at the county level.Methods: Sendero Health Plans, Inc. provider network data, Texas State Board of Pharmacy data, US Census Bureau data, and H1N1 monovalent vaccine data were utilized to identify providers with demonstrated capacity to vaccinate the population in Travis County, Texas to achieve an estimated SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity target of 67%.Results: Within the Sendero network, 2,356 non-pharmacy providers were identified with 788 (33.4%) practicing in primary care and 1,569 (66.6%) practicing as specialists. Of the total, 686 (29.1%) provided at least one immunization between January 1, 2019 and September 30, 2020. There are 300 pharmacies with active licenses in Travis County with 161 (53.7%) classified as community pharmacies. We estimate that 1,707,098 doses of a 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series will need to be administered within Travis County, Texas to achieve the estimated 67% herd immunity threshold to disrupt person-to-person transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus based on 2020 census data.Conclusion: A community-based health insurance plan can use data from its provider network and public data sources to support the CDC call to action to identify SARS-CoV-2 vaccinators in the community, including physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and pharmacies in order to provide macro level estimates of SARS-CoV-2 administration and throughput.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, mass vaccination, vaccinators, Sendero Health Plans</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.3389/fpubh.2020.616140</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Challenges in maintaining treatment services for people who use drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>John Ryan, Paul Haber, Michelle Hall, Lisa Maher, Peter Saul, Adrian Dunlop, Nicholas Lintzeris, Buddhima Lokuge, Debbie Masters, Marcia Sequeira, Grace Dunlop, Nadine Ezard</text>
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                <text>Abstract The impact of COVID-19 across health services, including treatment services for people who use drugs, is emerging but likely to have a high impact. Treatment services for people who use drugs provide essential treatment services including opiate agonist treatment and needle syringe programmes alongside other important treatment programmes across all substance types including withdrawal and counselling services. Drug and alcohol hospital consultation-liaison clinicians support emergency departments and other services provided in hospital settings in efficiently managing patients who use drugs and present with other health problems. COVID-19 will impact on staff availability for work due to illness. Patients may require home isolation and quarantine periods. Ensuring ongoing supply of opiate treatment during these periods will require significant changes to how treatment is provided. The use of monthly depot buprenorphine as well as moving from a framework of supervised dosing will be required for patients on sublingual buprenorphine and methadone. Ensuring ready access to take-home naloxone for patients is crucial to reduce overdose risks. Delivery of methadone and buprenorphine to the homes of people with confirmed COVID-19 infections is likely to need to occur to support home isolation. People who use drugs are likely to be more vulnerable during the COVID-19 epidemic, due to poorer health literacy and stigma and discrimination towards this group. People who use drugs may prioritise drug use above other health concerns. Adequate supply of clean injecting equipment is important to prevent outbreaks of blood-borne viruses. Opiate users may misinterpret SARS-CoV2 symptoms as opiate withdrawal and manage this by using opioids. Ensuring people who use drugs have access to drug treatment as well as access to screening and testing for SARS-CoV2 where this is indicated is important.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s12954-020-00370-7</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Harm Reduction Journal</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>BMC</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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            </element>
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      <name>Text</name>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6431">
                <text>Responding to emerging diseases: reducing the risks through understanding the mechanisms of emergence</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6432">
                <text>John S. Mackenzie</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6433">
                <text>Over the past two decades, increasing concern and attention have been directed at the potential problems and threats associated with new and emerging diseases. This has been driven by fears arising from the rapid emergence, spread and the public health impact of a number of recent outbreaks, such as the international spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)  (2003), the potential of avian influenza H5N1 to emerge as a highly lethal pandemic as increasing numbers of human cases are reported (2003 and continuing), and the very rapid global spread of pandemic H1N1 influenza in 2009-10. The emergence of SARS-CoV, in particular, demonstrated the considerable economic, political and psychological effects – in addition to the impact on public health – of an unexpected epidemic of a highly infectious, previously unknown agent in a highly connected and interdependent world. These examples clearly highlight the necessity and importance of global outbreak surveillance for the early detection and response to new potential threats. They also demonstrate clearly that these emergent diseases can move rapidly between countries and continents through infected travellers, so that surveillance needs to be transparent and authorities aware of international disease events elsewhere around the globe. Some of the specific threats to the Asian Pacific regions have been reviewed elsewhere.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6434">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>emerging infectious diseases, western pacific region, Australia</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6436">
                <text>DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2011.2.1.006</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Western Pacific Surveillance and Response</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>World Health Organization</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine, Medicine</text>
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                <text>EN, ZH</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Multiple-Stressor Interactions in Tributaries Alter Downstream Ecosystems in Stream Mesocosm Networks</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>John S. Richardson, Ana  M. Chará-Serna</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>We studied how multiple-stresssors in tributaries affect function, diversity, and physical habitat of recipient downstream ecosystems. Using a mesocosm model of a stream network, we manipulated sediment and nutrients individually and in combination in tributaries of second-order channels, to test the effect of complex stressor interactions within tributaries on recipient channels. Sedimentation in second-order channels increased with the level of disturbance of the tributaries. Moreover, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) density and EPT richness were higher in second-order channels fed by tributaries where the stressors were applied separately, compared to those fed by tributaries where the stressors were applied simultaneously. Our observations suggest this result was due to the combination of the two stressors within the same tributary reducing EPT drift from the tributaries further than the addition of the stressors in separate tributaries. These results support the hypothesis that cumulative upstream disturbance can influence downstream recipient ecosystems in stream networks. However, contrary to our expectations, most observed effects were due to impacts on dispersal patterns of EPT taxa, rather than downstream accumulation of disturbances throughout the network. Our results underscore the importance of metacommunity frameworks to understand how tributary disturbance may influence population dynamics in downstream ecosystems.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sedimentation, benthic macroinvertebrates, headwater streams, multiple stressors, nutrient enrichment, stream networks</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="153886">
                <text>10.3390/w13091194</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Water</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Hydraulic engineering, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/9/1194" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/9/1194&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Impacto sobre el cambio climático del ciclo de vida de las tarimas de madera elaboradas en la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica</text>
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                <text>[Introducción]: El Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) es una metodología robusta y reconocida para determinar la magnitud de los impactos ambientales de un producto. [Objetivo]: El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el impacto sobre el cambio climático de las tarimas de madera. [Metodología]: Los límites del sistema van desde la preparación del terreno para establecer las plantaciones, hasta la puerta de llegada a la empacadora de fruta. Se evaluaron dos unidades funcionales: a) una tarima con dimensiones comerciales para la manipulación y trasiego de productos agrícolas y b) un metro cúbico de madera para producción de tarimas. La temporalidad de los datos comprendió al periodo 2014-2017 y la de los resultados del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida un ciclo de rotación de 12 años para plantaciones de melina (Gmelina arborea Roxb). Se evaluaron dos sistemas de producto: con biomasa en el tratamiento térmico y con gas LP. [Resultados]: El primero presentó un impacto potencial levemente menor. En ambos casos, la combustión de diésel asociada al transporte de madera rolliza fue la etapa más intensa en emisiones, libera cerca de 1.61 kg CO2-eq tarima-1 y 43.22 kg CO2-eq m-3. El diésel, en todas las etapas del ciclo de vida, es la principal fuente de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, ya que libera 2.31 kg CO2-eq tarima-1 y 86.57 kg CO2-eq m-3. [Conclusiones]: Las oportunidades de mejora en el desempeño ambiental del producto se encuentran en el uso de vehículos de carga más eficientes y en la reducción de la distancia entre las plantaciones forestales y la planta de aserrío.</text>
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                <text>cambio climático; evaluación de impacto de ciclo de vida (eicv); huella de carbono de producto (hcp); inventario de ciclo de vida (icv); productos biogénicos; productos de madera recolectada (pmr); productos forestales</text>
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                <text>10.15359/rca.55-1.2</text>
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                <text>Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica</text>
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                <text>Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Natural history (General)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ambientales/article/view/14817" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ambientales/article/view/14817&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Unraveling the Mysteries of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>John T. Watson, Aron J. Hall, Dean D. Erdman, David L. Swerdlow, Susan I. Gerber</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2014</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Communicable diseases, Emerging, coronavirus, Viruses, camels, Zoonoses</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3201/eid2006.140322</text>
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                <text>Emerging Infectious Diseases</text>
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                <text>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Metapopulation Network Models for Understanding, Predicting, and Managing the Coronavirus Disease COVID-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37276">
                <text>Johnie Rose, Daniela Calvetti, Alexander P. Hoover, Erkki Somersalo</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Mathematical models of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus which causes COVID-19) spread are used for guiding the design of mitigation steps and helping identify impending breaches of health care system surge capacity. The challenges of having only lacunary information about daily new infections and mortality counts are compounded by geographic heterogeneity of the population. This complicates prediction, particularly when using models assuming well-mixed populations. To address this problem, we account for the differences between rural and urban settings using network-based, distributed models where the spread of the pandemic is described in distinct local cohorts with nested SE(A)IR models, i.e., modified SEIR models that include infectious asymptomatic individuals. The model parameters account for the SARS-CoV-2 transmission mostly via human-to-human contact, and the fact that contact frequency among individuals differs between urban and rural areas, and may change over time. The probability that the virus spreads into an uninfected community is associated with influx of individuals from communities where the infection is already present, thus each node is characterized by its internal contact and by its connectivity with other nodes. Census data are used to set up the adjacency matrix of the network, which can be modified to simulate changes in mitigation measures. Our network SE(A)IR model depends on easily interpretable parameters estimated from available community level data. The parameters estimated with Bayesian techniques include transmission rate and the ratio asymptomatic to symptomatic infectious individuals. The methodology predicts that the latter quantity approaches 0.5 as the epidemic reaches an equilibrium, in full agreement with the May 22, 2020 CDC modeling. The network model gives rise to a spatially distributed computational model that explains the geographic dynamics of the contagion, e.g., in larger cities surrounded by suburban and rural areas. The time courses of the infected cohorts in the different counties predicted by the network model are remarkably similar to the reported observations. Moreover, the model shows that monitoring the infection prevalence in each county, and adopting local mitigation measures as infections climb beyond a certain threshold, is almost as effective as blanket measures, and more effective than reducing inter-county mobility.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37279">
                <text>particle filter, Uncertainty Quantification, Bayesian parameter estimation, SEIR model, connectivity matrix, predictive envelopes</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37280">
                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2020.00261</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37281">
                <text>Frontiers in Physics</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37282">
                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Physics</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Efecto de diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno en la emisión de óxido nitroso en plantaciones de café en Costa Rica</text>
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                <text>Johnny Montenegro</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>[Introducción]: Los sistemas de producción agrícola emiten gases con efecto invernadero, por la aplicación de nitrógeno, para incrementar la producción. [Objetivo]: Se cuantificó y comparó la emisión de N2O resultante de aplicar diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno (nitrato de amonio (NH4NO3), nitrato de calcio (CaNO3), urea convencional (CO(NH2)2), y recubierta con polímeros, RP). [Metodología]: Se aplicaron 250 kg de nitrógeno ha-1 año-1 de cada fuente a plantaciones de café ubicadas en dos zonas productoras de Costa Rica. La recolección de muestras gaseosas se realizó durante todo un año agrícola, utilizándose la técnica de la cámara estática. Se implementó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con arreglo en parcelas divididas. [Resultados]: El patrón de emisión mostró que, en Naranjo, los mayores eventos se determinaron luego de fertilizar en junio, razón por la cual la emisión fue mayor (P</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>cambio climático; cultivos tropicales; fertilización nitrogenada; gases efecto invernadero; trópico</text>
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                <text>10.15359/rca.54-2.6</text>
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                <text>Ciencias Ambientales</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="220707">
                <text>Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Natural history (General)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ambientales/article/view/14033" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ambientales/article/view/14033&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Análisis de Ciclo de Vida para la producción primaria de caña de azúcar en seis regiones de Costa Rica</text>
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                <text>Johnny Montenegro Ballestero, Marco Chaves Solera</text>
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                <text>[Introducción]: Diferentes prácticas agrícolas implementadas durante la fase de producción de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) generan gases con efecto invernadero (GEI), existiendo gran interés en cuantificar y en identificar su origen para determinar las prácticas que emiten las mayores cantidades. [Objetivos]: Utilizar el análisis de ciclo de vida para identificar las principales fuentes de emisión de GEI en el proceso de producción de la caña de azúcar, proporcionar información base para desarrollar alternativas de mitigación y, conocer la eficiencia de emisión del cultivo. [Metodología]: Se consideraron todas las labores de campo y el transporte de tallos al ingenio. Se determinó el uso de maquinaria y de agroquímicos, fertilizantes, así como el transporte de la caña al ingenio. Para el cálculo de la emisión de metano y óxido nitroso, se utilizaron factores de emisión nacionales y, sugeridos por el IPCC. Cada gas se transformó a CO2eq, forma en que se reportan los resultados. [Resultados]: La mayor fuente de emisión (73.6 %) lo constituyó la fertilización nitrogenada, seguida por la quema efectuada previo a la cosecha (13.2 %). La eficiencia de emisión varía con la región productora, siendo el promedio nacional de 26.9 kg CO2eq t-1 de caña y, de 247.5 kg CO2eq t-1 de azúcar. Se presentan y discuten algunas opciones de mitigación. [Conclusiones]: Se demuestra que la actividad cañera costarricense tiene una eficiencia mejor que otros países productores de caña, y que de implementarse opciones de mitigación se podría reducir la emisión GEI y ello podría contribuir a diferenciar la producción nacional en los mercados.</text>
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                <text>2022</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>agricultura; cambio climático; gases con efecto invernadero; mitigación; trópico</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.15359/rca.56-1.5</text>
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                <text>Ciencias Ambientales</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Natural history (General)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ambientales/article/view/16495" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ambientales/article/view/16495&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Respuesta polinómica de la emisión de óxido nitroso en plantaciones de café en Costa Rica</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Johnny Montenegro-Ballestero</text>
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                <text>El óxido nitroso es un potente gas con efecto invernadero que se genera tanto por procesos naturales como por prácticas agrícolas, entre ellas, la fertilización nitrogenada. Por esta razón, se cuantificó la emisión del N2O por la aplicación de nitrógeno ureico (0, 100, 225 y 350 kg ha-1 a-1) al cultivo de café en dos zonas cafetaleras de Costa Rica (Valle Occidental y Los Santos). La cuantificación de la emisión se realizó durante todo un año agrícola. Los resultados mostraron efecto de la lluvia en la emisión del N2O; independientemente de la dosis, la mayor se presentó en los primeros días posteriores a la aplicación del fertilizante. En el Valle Occidental, la mayor emisión de N2O se detectó con 350 kg de N ha-1 a-1, niveles intermedios con 100 y 225 kg de N ha-1 a-1. La menor se presentó sin fertilización. Estos resultados ajustaron el modelo polinomial (Y=8E-08x3-4E-05x2+0.0064x+0.6266, r2=0.87). Para Los Santos, la emisión fue menor sin fertilizante; los mayores niveles se presentaron con 350 kg de N ha-1 a-1. La emisión con 100 y 225 kg de N ha-1 a-1 fue similar, aunque diferentes de los restantes tratamientos; estos resultados ajustaron un modelo polinomial (Y=-3E-06x2+0.0023x+0.6347, r2=0.87). Con los datos de ambas localidades se ajustó un modelo polinómico Y=6E-08x3–3E-05x2+0.0052x+0.6247 (r2=0.83). El uso de esta información se recomienda para estimar el N2O generado por la aplicación de urea como fuente de nitrógeno a plantaciones de café.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2019</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>cambio climático; mitigación; nitrógeno; urea</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="220652">
                <text>10.15359/rca.53-2.1</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="220653">
                <text>Ciencias Ambientales</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="220654">
                <text>Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Natural history (General)</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="220656">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ambientales/article/view/12073" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ambientales/article/view/12073&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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