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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Phytophthora Root Rot Modifies the Composition of the Avocado Rhizosphere Microbiome and Increases the Abundance of Opportunistic Fungal Pathogens</text>
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                <text>Damaris Desgarennes, Itzel A. Solís-García, Itzel A. Solís-García, Oscar Ceballos-Luna, Elvis Marian Cortazar-Murillo, Edith Garay-Serrano, Violeta Patiño-Conde, Edgar Guevara-Avendaño, Edgar Guevara-Avendaño, Alfonso Méndez-Bravo, Frédérique Reverchon</text>
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                <text>The structure and function of rhizosphere microbial communities are affected by the plant health status. In this study, we investigated the effect of root rot on the avocado rhizosphere microbiome, using 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing. Furthermore, we isolated potential fungal pathogens associated with root rot symptoms and assessed their pathogenic activity on avocado. We found that root rot did not affect species richness, diversity or community structure, but induced changes in the relative abundance of several microbial taxa. Root rot increased the proportion of Pseudomonadales and Burkholderiales in the rhizosphere but reduced that of Actinobacteria, Bacillus spp. and Rhizobiales. An increase in putative opportunistic fungal pathogens was also detected in the roots of symptomatic trees; the potential pathogenicity of Mortierella sp., Fusarium spp., Lasiodiplodia sp. and Scytalidium sp., is reported for the first time for the State of Veracruz, Mexico. Root rot also potentially modified the predicted functions carried out by rhizobacteria, reducing the proportion of categories linked with the lipid and amino-acid metabolisms whilst promoting those associated with quorum sensing, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. Altogether, our results could help identifying microbial taxa associated to the disease causal agents and direct the selection of plant growth-promoting bacteria for the development of biocontrol microbial consortia.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>Fusarium, Mortierella, Persea americana, rhizosphere microbial communities, root necrotizing fungi</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fmicb.2020.574110</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.574110/full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.574110/full&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>A Pilot-Scale Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction to Valorize Colombian Mango Seed Kernel</text>
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                <text>Leidy  J. Cerón-Martínez, Andrés  M. Hurtado-Benavides, Alfredo Ayala-Aponte, Liliana Serna-Cock, Diego  F. Tirado</text>
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                <text>Colombian mango production, which exceeded 261,000 t in 2020, generates about 40% of the whole fruit as solid waste, of which more than 50% are seed kernels (over 52,000 t solid by-product); though none is currently used for commercial purposes. This study reports the results of the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of an oil rich in essential fatty acids (EFAs) from revalorized mango seed kernels and the optimization of the process by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In pilot-scale scCO2 experiments, pressure (23 MPa–37 MPa) and temperature (52 °C–73 °C) were varied, using 4.5 kg of CO2. The highest experimental oil extraction yield was 83 g/kg (37 MPa and 63 °C); while RSM predicted that 84 g/kg would be extracted at 35 MPa and 65 °C. Moreover, by fine-tuning pressure and temperature it was possible to obtain an EFA-rich lipid fraction in linoleic (37 g/kg) and α-linolenic (4 g/kg) acids, along with a high oleic acid content (155 g/kg), by using a relatively low extraction pressure (23 MPa), which makes the process a promising approach for the extraction of oil from mango waste on an industrial scale, based on a circular economy model.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>&lt;i&gt;Mangifera indica&lt;/i&gt; L, circular economy, essential fatty acids, fruit by-products, response surface methodology, valorization strategy</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227869">
                <text>10.3390/molecules26082279</text>
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                <text>Molecules</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Organic chemistry</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2279" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2279&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>La agricultura andina y su problemática</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227875">
                <text>Luis Oswaldo Jiménez-Esparza</text>
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                <text>Una actividad de sustento familiar, llena de profundas contradicciones y desigualdades agrarias. Las Naciones Unidas el año 2014 concibieron en un llamado a concentrar la atención mundial en la importancia del rol de la agricultura familiar, a pequeña escala, a fin de disminuir el hambre, la pobreza, seguridad alimentaria, mejorar la gestión de los recursos naturales, protección del medio ambiente y lograr el desarrollo sostenible, en particular en zonas rurales. La tradición social rural en Latinoamérica, en el siglo XX, estaba evidenciada por las luchas e identidad de movimientos campesinos, que viven trabajando sus tierras para el progreso de su vida familiar y colectiva, sea en asociaciones, cooperativas, comunas u otras formas de organización, para batallar por sus derechos y de todos los desposeídos del campo y la ciudad.Otra problemática de la agricultura campesina y familiar son las estructuras, como el acceso, tenencia y propiedad sobre la tierra y el agua, la creación de fuentes de trabajo y el sostenimiento de las poblaciones en zonas rurales. Los campesinos laboran en sus propias parcelas, también son aparceros o arrendatarios siendo un sector social cada vez más explotado y pobre.La acumulación de tierras y territorios hoy en día es el primer factor en la destrucción de la agricultura familiar y la economía campesina. En la actualidad, la realidad agrícola campesina está determinada por el tipo de territorio montañoso y de altura otorgando al problema de la tierra otras características.El sistema de haciendas de nuestros países que se fue robusteciendo luego de la independencia a costa de la usurpación de las tierras comunales es un modo de dominación y explotación social de los indígenas. Una apreciación general de la población de los campesinos andinos, señala que un tercio vive en el campo conservando un nivel de autoabastecimiento alimentario. Las tres cuartas partes de lo que consumen son productos nacionales, cuyo peso en la producción campesina representa un 40% aproximadamente, delconjunto de los alimentos, sin embargo persiste el nivel de pobreza rural con alrededor del 60%, con desnutrición asentada en zonas rurales del 26 %. Además, países andinos mantienen una alta inequidad en el acceso a recursos naturales en el campo, también se hace hincapié que superan 50% de unidades productivas del agro con un rango entre 0 y 5 hectáreas, lo contrario sucede con las unidades de producción mayores a 200 hectáreas representan menos del 1%.El campesinado andino no comercializa la totalidad de la producción como es el caso de la agricultura empresarial, en lo relacionado a los insumos, se limitan al máximo a comprar, se basan en el autoconsumo y el reciclaje de subproductos.En casi todos los países andinos, los Gobiernos han reemplazado el concepto de campesinado por “agricultura familiar” en sus políticas de desarrollo rural. Los campesinados latinoamericanos afrontan el nuevo milenio excluidos del sistema. Producen en condiciones precarias, productos que carecen de compradores en el mercado y si los compran los intermediarios fijan sus precios que muchas veces solamente salvan la inversión, sus unidades productivas tienen poca asistencia técnica, no son sujetos de créditos, y sus vías de acceso generalmente son de tercer orden.Todo lo antedicho demuestra claramente la exclusión estructural que sufren los campesinos latinoamericanos.</text>
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                <text>2019</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>10.36610/j.jsab.2019.070100001</text>
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                <text>Journal of the Selva Andina Biosphere</text>
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                <text>Selva Andina Research Society</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Plant ecology, Plant culture, Forestry</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S2308-38592019000100001&amp;amp;lng=es&amp;amp;nrm=iso&amp;amp;tlng=es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S2308-38592019000100001&amp;amp;lng=es&amp;amp;nrm=iso&amp;amp;tlng=es&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Katherinne Mora Pacheco. Entre sequías, heladas e inundaciones. Clima y sociedad en la sabana de Bogotá, 1690-1870.</text>
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                <text>Diana Bonnett Vélez</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>En cinco capítulos, el libro aborda las diversas respuestas adaptativas con las cuales los habitantes de la sabana sortearon las perturbaciones y enfrentaron los cambios climáticos entre 1690 y 1870. La autora denomina estas respuestas como anticipadas e inmateriales; permanentes y materiales, e impulsadas y coartadas. El enfoque, el problema y la perspectiva regional hacen novedoso este trabajo, a la vez que constituye un aporte valioso a la historia colombiana, porque ayuda a consolidar nuestro conocimiento sobre un asunto que involucra la intervención de los habitantes de la sabana de Bogotá y su relación con el clima y la naturaleza.</text>
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                <text>Nunca imaginé tener que escribir un obituario para un colega y amigo. Alejandro nació en Villavicencio hijo de Pablo Emilio Chaparro Sanchéz, un sargento segundo del ejercito, y de Nubia Giraldo, quien creció escondiendo revistas y libros en una caja debajo de la cama, forjando un hábito que impactaría en el pequeño: La lectura. Su padre, aficionado a la historia militar, había nombrado a la mayoría de sus hijos con el nombre de viejos guerreros que admiraba. Así nombró al pequeño Leonidas, a Bismarck, el menor, y a Harold, el único que lo sobrevivió. Y allí estaba Alejandro, el Grande, el fundador de Alejandría. Alejandro: Aleicos = protector, Antropos = de los hombres. Durante su infancia acompañó al abuelo y a su padre recogiendo papas con las manos desnudas en Pesca, Boyacá, portando la ruana y el sombrero. Ya en Bogotá estudió en el colegio Alamano, pasando su infancia entre el Galán y el Colón, donde estuvo en un grupo de música Andina. Se graduó de Ingeniero Agrónomo de la Universidad del Tolima, Magister en Ciencias Agrarias, línea fitomejoramiento en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y Doctor en Genética y Mejoramiento Vegetal en la Universidad de Sao Paulo, y desde 1999 profesor del departamento de Biología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UN). Para la fecha de su fallecimiento ostentaba la máxima categoría posible en la UN, la de profesor titular-Tenure; y la máxima en el sistema de calificación de investigadores en MinCiencias la de investigador Senior.   En su juventud por los años 80 se unió a la Juventud patriótica, siempre estuvo acompañando los consejos estudiantiles, e incluso liderando su representación, como en su doctorado, donde fungió como representante de estudiantes de posgrado extranjeros en el Campus de Piracicaba de la Universidad de Sao Paulo, posteriormente cuando ingresó a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en diversas ocasiones fue representante de profesores del Departamento de Biología.   Estudioso de los derechos de propiedad intelectual. Ofertó con gran éxito los cursos de: Cultivos transgénicos: Frankenstein o Prometeo?, Política y Legislación en Recursos Naturales, Recursos Genéticos: elementos técnicos y jurídicos, Fundamentos genética y Genética.    Su carrera científica estuvo plagada de logros y primicias en su campo para Colombia y el mundo. Como la primera planta transgénica de maiz off patent. Sus temas de interés rondaban acerca de la libertad de uso de patentes, la propiedad intelectual, acceso a recursos genéticos, organismos genéticamente modificados y plantas transgénicas donde trabajó con variedades colombianas de maíz y papa principalmente. Creador y director del grupo de investigación de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas (IGP) donde formó por los menos 50 estudiantes entre pregrado, maestría y doctorado; fortaleciendo el conocimiento de la biotecnología vegetal en Colombia. Además también hacía parte de grupo de investigación Plebio, y era miembro del centro de pensamiento en propiedad intelectual de la mencionada Universidad.   Siempre se preocupó por la transferencia del conocimiento, y estaba convencido de la obligación de que como investigadores tenemos con la sociedad; es por lo que investigó los problemas que aquejaban a los agricultores, trabajó de la mano de gremios como la Federación Nacional de Cultivadores de Cereales, Leguminosas y Soya (FENALCE), Federación nacional de arroceros (FEDEARROZ), Centro internacional de la papa. Realmente es sorprendente la gran cantidad de trabajo que tenía adelantado en diversas áreas de su investigación, el número de estudiantes que dirigía y la gran interdisciplinariedad de sus investigaciones.   Aunque tenía el potencial para publicar ampliamente en revistas internacionales, prefirió las revistas nacionales. En Acta Biológica Colombiana publicó 19 manuscritos; siendo el artículo de revisión Cultivos transgénicos: entre los riesgos    biológicos y los beneficios ambientales y económicos, publicado en 2011 uno de los más citados, con 29 citas hasta el momento.   El lado menos académico del profesor, es recordado por su amplia y constante sonrisa, le gustaba “falar em portugués” cuando encontraba un colega que le llevara la cuerda, un bailador de salsa (incluso fue fundador de un frustrado bar de salsa), y apasionado del rock en español. Amante de las reuniones sociales, la cerveza, las discusiones de política y de los buenos libros. Padre de dos hijos que eran su orgullo (León Felipe y Jenny Katherine) y hacía poco menos de una década se había estrenado como abuelo (Niko Alejandro), que sacó de sus entrañas su lado mas tierno. Pasó los mejores años de su vida junto a su esposa “La pecosa”; Lucero López el amor de su vida.    Deja un gran vacío inmenso en la comunidad, pero un gran legado académico y de valores por seguir. Pero esté donde esté, debe tener la satisfacción de la labor cumplida. Descansa en paz, amigo.       Escrito por: Nubia Matta Camacho</text>
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                <text>Andrés Fuerte Posada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227919">
                <text>El texto presenta una revisión de diferentes artículos que analizan la relación entre el desarrollo sostenible y la tecnología, especialmente el problema de la transferencia tecnológica en MDL (Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio) como instrumento para mitigar la contaminación asociada al crecimiento económico. Se presenta una evaluación del impacto de los MDL, así como posibles obstáculos que impedirían las transferencias de tecnología.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227920">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227921">
                <text>desarrollo sostenible, mecanismo de desarrollo limpio, tecnología, transferencias</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227922">
                <text>Ensayos de Economía</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227923">
                <text>Universidad Nacional de Colombia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227924">
                <text>Economics as a science, Economic theory. Demography, Economic history and conditions</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227925">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ede/article/view/28639" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ede/article/view/28639&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="26185" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/3cd3a6db62de4d464504cfd329e7d293.pdf</src>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227926">
                <text>Educación para la agroecología en la experiencia de una escuela técnica de San Carlos (Salta)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227927">
                <text>Luciana García Guerreiro, Ana Lea Blaustein Kappelmacher</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227928">
                <text>El presente artículo aborda el vínculo entre la educación y los mundos socioproductivos, a partir del caso de la Escuela de Educación Agrotécnica Nº 3157 de la localidad de San Carlos (Salta), que adoptó un perfil agroecológico. El trabajo analiza la relación que establecen los/as egresados/as con la realidad socioproductiva de la región y el mundo laboral, y el papel que le atribuyen al paso por la institución en su inserción posterior. Recupera una indagación de carácter predominantemente cualitativo, con instancias colaborativas inspiradas en la Investigación Acción Participativa.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227929">
                <text>2021</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227930">
                <text>Territorio, agroecologia, educación, saberes locales, trabajo</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227931">
                <text>Población &amp; Sociedad</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227932">
                <text>Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227933">
                <text>Social Sciences, Social sciences (General)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227934">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://cerac.unlpam.edu.ar/index.php/pys/article/view/5332" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://cerac.unlpam.edu.ar/index.php/pys/article/view/5332&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="26186" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="26183">
        <src>http://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/e35ddbd23a44216e441a7dd884fbb1a7.pdf</src>
        <authentication>937b0ae544362c99518dd51106827722</authentication>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227935">
                <text>Comparison of acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation and ethanol catalytic upgrading as pathways for butanol production: A techno-economic and environmental assessment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227936">
                <text>Estefanny Carmona-Garcia, Paula Marín-Valencia, Juan Solarte-Toro, Konstantinos Moustakas, Carlos Cardona-Alzate</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227937">
                <text>Butanol is an important compound used as a building block for producing value-added products and an energy carrier. The main butanol production pathways are conventional acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation and catalytic upgrading of ethanol. On the other hand, the application of biomass as a promising substrate for biofuel production has been widely considered recently. However, few studies have compared different butanol production pathways using biomass as raw material. In light of that, the present work aims (i) to provide a short review of the catalytic ethanol upgrading and (ii) to compare conventional ABE fermentation and catalytic ethanol upgrading processes from the economic and environmental perspectives. Aspen Plus v9.0 was used to simulate both processes. The economic and environmental assessments were carried out considering the Colombian economic context, a gate-to-gate approach, and single impact categories. Considering a processing scale of 1000 ton/d, the conventional ABE fermentation process presented a more favorable technical, economic, and environmental performance for butanol production from biomass. It also offered lower net energy consumption (i.e., 57.9 GJ/ton of butanol) and higher butanol production (i.e., 2.59 ton/h). Nevertheless, the proposed processing scale was insufficient to reach economic feasibility for both processes. To overcome this challenge, the minimum processing scale had to be higher than 1584 ton/d and 1920 ton/d for conventional ABE fermentation and catalytic ethanol upgrading, respectively. Another critical factor in enhancing the economic feasibility of both butanol production pathways was the minimum selling price of butanol. More specifically, prices higher than 1.56 USD/kg and 1.80 USD/kg would be required for conventional ABE fermentation and catalytic ethanol upgrading, respectively. From the environmental impact point of view, the conventional ABE fermentation process led to a lower potential environmental impact than catalytic ethanol upgrading (0.12 PEI/kg vs. 0.18 PEI/kg, respectively).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227938">
                <text>2021</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227939">
                <text>ABE fermentation, butanol, catalytic ethanol upgrading, economic analysis, lignocellulosic biomass, sugar platform</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227940">
                <text>10.18331/BRJ2021.8.2.4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227941">
                <text>Biofuel Research Journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227942">
                <text>Green Wave Publishing of Canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227943">
                <text>Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, Fuel</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227944">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_131247_01a31bfa3622035728c08abe4ed8eced.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.biofueljournal.com/article_131247_01a31bfa3622035728c08abe4ed8eced.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
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