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                <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <text>RICE CULTIVATION IN AN EBBTIDE SYSTEM IN THE MARANHÃO LOWLANDS, SOUTHEASTERN PERIPHERY OF AMAZONIA A CULTURA DO ARROZ EM SISTEMA DE VAZANTE NA BAIXADA MARANHENSE, PERIFERIA DO SUDESTE DA AMAZÔNIA</text>
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              <text>Marcelino Silva Farias Filho, Altamiro Souza de Lima Ferraz Júnior</text>
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              <text>&amp;lt;!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p style='margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='color: #000000;'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='font-family: Times New Roman,serif;'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='font-size: small;'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span lang='en-US'&amp;gt;Agricultural production in the Maranhão State, southeastern periphery of Amazonia, Brazil, is predominantly smallholder-based and uses slash-and-burn technology. Nevertheless, other environmentally less aggressive land use systems are also relevant for food production, especially the so-called ebbtide system, in the Maranhão lowlands. This paper describes and evaluates ebbtide production, within the landless settlement project “Diamante Negro/Jutaí”, located in Monção and Igarapé do Meio, municipalities of the Maranhão lowlands. Our farmer-based assessment consisted of interviews with 14 farmers and &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span lang='en-US'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;in loco&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span lang='en-US'&amp;gt; observations. Furthermore, an agroecological assessment was conducted, based on participative field experimentation, with 15 local farmers. The main factors causing rice productivity losses are related to hydric stress situations and rodents (&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span lang='en-US'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Arvicola sapidus&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span lang='en-US'&amp;gt;). The productivity and milling yield of improved rice varieties did not differ statistically. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p style='text-indent: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p style='margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='color: #000000;'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='font-family: Times New Roman,serif;'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='font-size: small;'&amp;gt;KEY-WORDS: &amp;lt;span lang='en-US'&amp;gt;Rice; Maranhão lowlands; smallholder agriculture; ebbtide production.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&amp;gt;&amp;lt;xml&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:WordDocument&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:View&amp;gt;Normal&amp;lt;/w:View&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:Zoom&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/w:Zoom&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:AutoHyphenation /&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:HyphenationZone&amp;gt;21&amp;lt;/w:HyphenationZone&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:PunctuationKerning /&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:Compatibility&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:BreakWrappedTables /&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:SnapToGridInCell /&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct /&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules /&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:DontGrowAutofit /&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/w:Compatibility&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:BrowserLevel&amp;gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&amp;lt;/w:BrowserLevel&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/w:WordDocument&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/xml&amp;gt;&amp;lt;![endif]--&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&amp;gt;&amp;lt;xml&amp;gt; &amp;lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState='false' LatentStyleCount='156'&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/w:LatentStyles&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/xml&amp;gt;&amp;lt;![endif]--&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!--[if !mso]&amp;gt;&amp;lt;object classid='clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D' id=ieooui&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/object&amp;gt; &amp;lt;style&amp;gt;&amp;#13; st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) }&amp;#13; &amp;lt;/style&amp;gt; &amp;lt;![endif]--&amp;gt; &amp;lt;!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:''; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family:'Times New Roman';} p.ResumoPAT, li.ResumoPAT, div.ResumoPAT {mso-style-name:'Resumo PAT'; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.0cm; line-height:120%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:9.0pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family:'Times New Roman'; color:black;} p.Palavras-ChavePAT, li.Palavras-ChavePAT, div.Palavras-ChavePAT {mso-style-name:'Palavras-Chave PAT'; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; line-height:120%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:9.0pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family:'Times New Roman'; color:black;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-footnote-numbering-restart:each-section;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --&amp;gt; &amp;lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&amp;gt; &amp;lt;style&amp;gt;&amp;#13;  /* Style Definitions */&amp;#13;  table.MsoNormalTable&amp;#13; {mso-style-name:'Tabela normal';&amp;#13; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;&amp;#13; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;&amp;#13; mso-style-noshow:yes;&amp;#13; mso-style-parent:'';&amp;#13; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;&amp;#13; mso-para-margin:0cm;&amp;#13; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;&amp;#13; mso-pagination:widow-orphan;&amp;#13; font-size:10.0pt;&amp;#13; font-family:'Times New Roman';&amp;#13; mso-ansi-language:#0400;&amp;#13; mso-fareast-language:#0400;&amp;#13; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}&amp;#13; &amp;lt;/style&amp;gt; &amp;lt;![endif]--&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;p style='margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='color: #000000;'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='font-family: Times New Roman,serif;'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='font-size: small;'&amp;gt;A produção agrícola do Maranhão advém, em grande parte, da agricultura familiar, no tradicional sistema de corte e queima. Entretanto, outros sistemas agrícolas menos agressivos ao ambiente figuram no Estado, como mantenedores da produção de alimentos. Dentre eles, a agricultura de vazante, desenvolvida na Baixada Maranhense, assume posição de destaque. A pesquisa caracterizou e avaliou esse sistema de produção. Foram realizadas observações de campo, nas diversas localidades pertencentes ao Assentamento Diamante Negro/Jutaí, cujo território abrange áreas dos municípios de Monção e Igarapé do Meio, na Baixada Maranhense. A avaliação do sistema, sob a ótica do agricultor, foi realizada com base na aplicação de questionários a 14 agricultores e observações &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;in loco&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;. A avaliação do sistema, do ponto de vista da Agroecologia, foi feita a partir de experimentação participativa, com quinze agricultores das comunidades analisadas. As principais perdas observadas na cultura do arroz estão relacionadas com o estresse hídrico das plantas e com o ataque de roedores (&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Arvicola sapidus&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;). A produtividade e o rendimento de engenho dos genótipos inseridos não diferiram estatisticamente. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p style='text-indent: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p style='margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='color: #000000;'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='font-family: Times New Roman,serif;'&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style='font-size: small;'&amp;gt;PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Arroz; Maranhão; agricultura familiar; agricultura de vazante.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</text>
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              <text>2009</text>
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          <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <text>Agricultura Familiar, Maranhão, agricultura de vazante, arroz</text>
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              <text>10.5216/pat.v39i2.4597</text>
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              <text>Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical</text>
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              <text>Universidade Federal de Goiás</text>
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          <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <text>Agriculture (General)</text>
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          <description>A related resource</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.revistas.ufg.br/index.php/pat/article/view/4597" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.revistas.ufg.br/index.php/pat/article/view/4597&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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