Increased Oxidative Stress in the Prefrontal Cortex as a Shared Feature of Depressive- and PTSD-Like Syndromes: Effects of a Standardized Herbal Antioxidant
subject: Depression, Oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, Posttraumatic stress disorder, prefrontal cortex, Antioxidant nutrients
description: Major depression (MD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) share common brain mechanisms and treatment strategies. Nowadays, the dramatically developing COVID-19 situation unavoidably results in stress, psychological trauma, and high incidence of MD and PTSD. Hence, the importance of the development of new treatments for these disorders cannot be overstated. Herbal medicine appears to be an effective and safe treatment with fewer side effects than classic pharmaca and that is affordable in low-income countries. Currently, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation attract increasing attention as important mechanisms of MD and PTSD. We investigated the effects of a standardized herbal cocktail (SHC), an extract of clove, bell pepper, basil, pomegranate, nettle, and other plants, that was designed as an antioxidant treatment in mouse models of MD and PTSD. In the MD model of “emotional” ultrasound stress (US), mice were subjected to ultrasound frequencies of 16–20 kHz, mimicking rodent sounds of anxiety/despair and “neutral” frequencies of 25–45 kHz, for three weeks and concomitantly treated with SHC. US-exposed mice showed elevated concentrations of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, increased gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and other molecular changes in the prefrontal cortex as well as weight loss, helplessness, anxiety-like behavior, and neophobia that were ameliorated by the SHC treatment. In the PTSD model of the modified forced swim test (modFST), in which a 2-day swim is followed by an additional swim on day 5, mice were pretreated with SHC for 16 days. Increases in the floating behavior and oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in the prefrontal cortex of modFST-mice were prevented by the administration of SHC. Chromatography mass spectrometry revealed bioactive constituents of SHC, including D-ribofuranose, beta-D-lactose, malic, glyceric, and citric ac…
creator: Allan V. Kalueff, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Tatyana Strekalova, Tatyana Strekalova, Johannes de Munter, Dmitrii Pavlov, Dmitrii Pavlov, Anna Gorlova, Anna Gorlova, Michael Sicker, Andrey Proshin, Allan V. Kalueff, Allan V. Kalueff, Allan V. Kalueff, Andrey Svistunov, Daniel Kiselev, Daniel Kiselev, Daniel Kiselev, Andrey Nedorubov, Sergey Morozov, Aleksei Umriukhin, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Tatyana Strekalova, Tatyana Strekalova, Careen A. Schroeter
source: Epidemiology and Health
publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
date: 2021
coverage: Nutrition. Foods and food supply