Comparación de la efectividad en la protección de cultivos de tomates con insecticidas orgánicos a base de: ajo (allium sativum) y Nim (azadirachta indica)
Agricultura ecológica, NIM, alicina, alinasa, azadiractina, insecticida, insectos, plagas, tóxico
Qué podemos hacer para proteger las plantas?El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en la elaboración de dos insecticidas orgánicos a base de ajo y Nim, además realizar una comparación para determinar la efectividad en el control y eliminación de insectos plagas en cultivos de tomate industrial. Dichos insecticidas son una alternativa ecológica para el medio ambiente y la salud de los productores y consumidores, debido a que no afecta el ecosistema y el producto final no contiene residuos de agroquímicos. Esta opción combina y aprovecha aquellas ventajas que brindan las plantas, a través de sus componentes y propiedades activas que son efectivas para la elaboración de insecticidas. Por su alta efectividad en el control de enfermedades tropicales, insectos y el alto rendimiento por hectáreas,composición y modo de acción.El tomate es uno de los rubros que se produce en la región, sus costos de producción son bajos, posee alta calidad nutricional en vitaminas y minerales. En sus etapas de desarrollo es afectado por numerosas plagas como minadoras, chupadoras, masticadores etc. y es atacada por enfermedades diversas debido a que los plantones están a campo abierto y su periodo de cosecha es muy largo (3 a 5 meses). El modo de acción de ambos insecticidas en estas plagas es por ingestión e inhalación. La principal sustancia presente en el extracto de las hojas de Nim es la Azadiractina la cual tiene una acción repelente contra insectos plaga y además rompe el ciclo vital impidiendo su multiplicación [1], para el caso del ajo, su principal sustancia activapara la elaboración de insecticidas es la Alina que cuando es liberada interactúa con una enzima llamada alinasa y genera la alicina que es la sustancia que genera el olor característico del ajo y con el cual los insectos son repelados de la planta infectada [2]. El proceso de la elaboración de estos insecticidas inicia con el procesamiento y la extracción de las sustancias de ambos productos; posteriormente se aplica en los plantones.Luego de la aplicación de los insecticidas se observó que los plantones afectados por los insectos, mejoraron su forma y tuvieron un mejor crecimiento. El insecticida a base de Nim tuvo un 100% de efectividad en los plantones donde fue probado, en cambio la efectividad del ajo fue de 66.7% en los plantones tratados, el modo de actuar del Nim en la planta es introduciéndose a la savia y el del ajo a través de sus raíces, concluimos que el Nim es mejor producto para la elaboración de insecticidas orgánicos.
Abdiel Bordones, Norvis De Gracia, Domiciano , Díaz, Reinier Rodríguez, Alma Chen
https://revistas.utp.ac.pa/index.php/ric/article/view/1817
Soberanía alimentaria del campo y seguridad alimentaria de la ciudad en el Gran Confinamiento mundial
Campo, Soberanía alimentaria, ciudad, covid-19, seguridad alimentaria
El Gran Confinamiento mundial se considera el primer acontecimiento universal que combinó en su desarrollo una serie de transformaciones radicales de la cotidianidad, en específico de aquellas asociadas a la alimentación. Trajo de nuevo al centro del debate la confrontación entre la soberanía alimentaria del campo establecida en 1996 frente a las políticas de seguridad alimentaria. Todo ello dejó ver que la crisis civilizatoria que experimenta la humanidad es más grave de lo que se piensa y la incertidumbre se presentó como padecimiento generalizado. El objetivo de este estudio recae en explicar que la confrontación entre la soberanía alimentaria del campo y la seguridad alimentaria citadina se mantiene en la coyuntura del Gran Confinamiento mundial. En efecto, por una parte, se analiza el contexto que permitió comprender mutaciones de lo prohibido a lo ordenado, en el binomio campo-ciudad, visibles en la disputa por los espacios públicos y en la búsqueda incesante por la apropiación del campo en México; y por otro, se focaliza en el espacio, al que se le identificó una doble función: garante de la reproducción de vida y centro de abastecimiento citadino.
https://www.ayp.fapyd.unr.edu.ar/index.php/ayp/article/view/306
Architecture, Urbanization. City and country
Host-cell recognition through GRP78 is enhanced in the new UK variant of SARS-CoV-2, in silico.
covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, GRP78, Spike RBD, Computational biophysics, New variant VUI 202012/01
Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 among Old Adult Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review Study
vulnerability, older adults, COVID-19, New coronavirus, global pandemic
Background: COVID-19[1] is a new infectious disease that has been declared by WHO[2] as a public health emergency worldwide due to its rapid spread to China and then to other parts of the world. The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical manifestations of this disease in the elderly. Methods: We performed a systematic review on the database of the World Health Organization, CDC[3], PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and lancet. All of the articles published until March 15, 2020, have been extracted from the above articles in English on coronavirus infection, disease, virology, epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention of the disease. Of the 1376 articles, 5 were selected out of recently published articles focusing on the epidemiological information of the virus, pneumonia caused by new corona virus, and the effects of the disease on different age groups, especially the elderly, and the rest were excluded from the review. The mean age of the patients, the mean age of mortality and the underlying diseases were chosen as the criteria of data extraction. Findings: Based on the researchers' perceptions of the text of the articles, 342 cases were included in these 5 studies. The mean age of the patients was 58.4 and that of the diceased patients was 66.5. More than 50% of the total cases had one or more underlying diseases. Conclusion: Despite the involvement of various age groups in this infection, the virus is most likely to cause severe complications and fatalities in older people with underlying diseases.
Abdolrahim Asadollahi, Ogholgol Ghajari, Farzaneh Kasraie
Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
A 31-year-old female patient with concurrent clinical onset of multiple sclerosis and COVID-19: Possible role of SARS-CoV-2 in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, immune response, multiple sclerosis
2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Gastrointestinal Manifestations
coronavirus, Gastrointestinal symptoms, digestive symptoms, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Fecal shedding, feco-oral transmission
The world is witnessing a major public health crisis in the wake of the third coronavirus strain pandemic, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Although initially thought to be a pure respiratory pathogen, recent reports have highlighted not only the extrapulmonary effects of the virus but also, importantly, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) effects. Various studies have looked into the effects of this novel coronavirus infection (coronavirus-19 disease [COVID-19]) on GIT involvement with reports of more frequent involvement than previously expected. With feco-oral transmission, debate being conclusively proven with fecal samples testing positive for COVID-19 and longer shedding time, it only underlines the importance of GIT involvement. Moreover, the presence of other GI diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, with COVID-19 infection might wreak havoc leading to poor patient outcomes.
Abdul Khaliq, Jayanta Samanta, Jahnvi Dhar, Rakes Kochhar
Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology
COVID-19 and the Lebanese Crisis: Will the Phoenix Manage to Rise Once Again?
Abdul Rahman Bizri, Walid Alam, Nazih A Bizri, Umayya Musharrafieh
Disaster medicine and public health preparedness
Healthcare Transformation in the Post-Coronavirus Pandemic Era
coronavirus, covid-19, ethics, technological innovation, healthcare transformation
Swiftlet’s Nest as Potential Prebiotic Compound for the Gut Beneficial Bacteria
glycoprotein, gut bacteria, prebiotic, Immune booster, edible nest
Swiftlet’s clean and edible nest has been consumed for centuries as health food. The benefits of the edible bird nest (EBN) are commonly based on historical and observational reports since its discovery, until some were proven scientifically at recent times. The EBN has a potential to be a prebiotic with the bioavailability of glycan within the EBN. In order to test the prebiotic potential, the EBN glycoprotein and EBN extracted glycan went through a simulated human digestion in vitro test which contained at the level of oral, gastric and small intestine. The undigested components were collected and further tested with simulated in vitro human colon model. The findings showed that the improved growth of beneficial bacteria in the presence of EBN substrates have potentials to provide health benefits. The beneficial group of bacteria may improve and strengthened the host immune system and reducing the risk of pathogenic bacterial infection. These health benefits are crucial especially during the severe health situation such as the pandemic of COVID-19. This study had contributed to the functional properties of the EBN, as a prebiotic for the benefits of consumers and EBN industries. The fundamental of this finding in regards to prebiotic activity can be applied to the area of animal production in the application of prebiotics as value added animal feed ingredients.
Mapping Evidence of Impacts of COVID-19 Outbreak on Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Scoping Review
covid-19, Family planning, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Sexual health, Maternal and Child Health Services
Introduction: The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly transformed the pre-existing worldwide sexual and reproductive health environment. The provision and supply of contraceptives, and a wide variety of sexual health, new-born, and maternal health services have been seriously affected. Thus, this scoping review mapped the available evidence on the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on sexual and reproductive health. Methods: Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework guided this scoping review. A search was conducted from the following databases: Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, WOS, and AJOL. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) chart and PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist were used to document the review process. The McMaster critical review checklist was used to determine the quality of the included studies. Thematic analyses were conducted using NVivo version 12. Results: Three studies showed evidence on the impact of COVID-19 and family planning services, six studies reported on maternal and child services and eleven studies reported on sexual health (sexual behavior). Limited access to family planning use, reduction in multiple sexual partnership, decreased transactional sex, and maternal and child services disruption were some impacts reported in the included studies. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the impacts of COVID-19 on family planning access, multiple sexual partnership, transactional sex, and disruption of maternal and child health services. Interventions that will consider the immediate availability of and access to all sexual and reproductive health services should be prioritized.
Abdul-Aziz Seidu, John Elvis Hagan, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Balsam Qubais Saeed, Ugochinyere Ijeoma Nwagbara