Knowledge, Attitudes, Impact, and Anxiety Regarding COVID-19 Infection Among the Public in China
Anxiety, Attitude, impact, Knowledge, COVID-19
Objectives: Sufficient knowledge and positive attitudes are crucial to the prevention of COVID-19. However, little is known about public awareness and attitudes regarding COVID-19 in China. The impact of COVID-19 on the societal well-being and anxiety levels of the public has never been documented. The aim of this study was to survey the knowledge, attitudes, impact, and anxiety levels of the people of China in relation to the COVID-19 outbreak.Method: A cross-sectional population survey using an online questionnaire was undertaken between Jan 24 and Feb 24, 2020. The study participants were residents of mainland China over the age of 18 years. The attitude items in this study measured the perceived threat of COVID-19 based on the Health Belief Model. Anxiety was measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), a self-reported questionnaire that measure both state (STAI-S), and trait anxiety (STAI-T)Results: A total of 2,446 completed responses were received. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for the total knowledge score was 20.3 (SD ± 2.9) out of a possible score of 23. The social disruption and household economic impact were notable, particularly in provinces with higher cumulative confirmed cases. The majority of responses indicated a low perceived susceptibility of being infected (86.7% [95%CI 85.4–88.1]), with a fair proportion of respondents perceiving a higher severity (62.9% [95% CI 61.0–64.8]). The mean total impact score was 9.9 (SD ± 3.8) out of a possible score of 15. The mean score for STAI-S was 48.7 (SD ± 10.8), whereas the mean STAI-T score was 45.7 (SD ± 8.5). By demographics, women reported significantly higher odds for higher levels of both STAI-S (OR = 1.67) and STAI-T (OR = 1.30) compared to men. People of a younger age were also more likely to experience higher STAI-S and STAI-T. Higher perceived susceptibility and severity and impact were strong predictors of higher levels of STAI-S and STAI-T.Conclusion: Our findings can assist in tailoring public communication to change people's knowledge and attitudes. The present study also underlined the importance of the promotion of mental health during infectious disease outbreaks to help in moderating the perceived threat, social and household economic impact, targeting the vulnerable segment of the population.
Liping Wong, Haridah Alias, Zhijian Hu, Yulan Lin
Health and Economy in COVID-19 Era: A Plan for Reconstituting Long-Term Economic Security
Health, Immunity, economy, Pandemic, COVID-19
COVID-19 is a rapidly evolving pandemic, which represents a multifaceted global threat. Given the economic consequences, most researchers agree that social distancing measures are an effective strategy relative to the cost. Previous studies indicate that community size as well as viral population risk groups should be considered in forming an effective targeted social distancing strategy. The resultant delay in the occurrence of infections in order to support vaccine development has been shown to be an effective policy. However, a return to normalcy from the current situation would require policy intervention that transforms the American economy along with continued targeted social distancing and the use of medical science as a tool to facilitate gradual personal interactions of low-risk individuals. We believe that the adoption of rapid IgG testing would be best suitable for widespread population-level screening as part of a comprehensive plan for incrementally rebuilding the in-person workforce. As such, this crisis represents an opportunity for the United States to increase automation of the manufacturing sector, shrink supply chains, and create higher-level jobs in order to reduce the dependency on other countries for critical supplies. This economic transition to better utilize technology along with reconstruction of the workforce could improve the standard of living for many Americans as well as better prepare the US for future pandemics.
Psycho-Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in COVID-19: Potential Impacts on Mental Health
central nervous system, Mental health, cytokine, HPA axis, Pandemic, COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The impacts of the disease may be beyond the respiratory system, also affecting mental health. Several factors may be involved in the association between COVID-19 and psychiatric outcomes, such as fear inherent in the pandemic, adverse effects of treatments, as well as financial stress, and social isolation. Herein we discuss the growing evidence suggesting that the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and host may also trigger changes in brain and behavior. Based on the similarity of SARS-CoV-2 with other coronaviruses, it is conceivable that changes in endocrine and immune response in the periphery or in the central nervous system may be involved in the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and impaired mental health. This is likely to be further enhanced, since millions of people worldwide are isolated in quarantine to minimize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and social isolation can also lead to neuroendocrine-immune changes. Accordingly, we highlight here the hypothesis that neuroendocrine-immune interactions may be involved in negative impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection and social isolation on psychiatric issues.
Wilson Savino, Elizabeth Giestal de Araujo, Pablo Pandolfo, Ícaro Raony, Camila Saggioro de Figueiredo, Priscilla Oliveira-Silva Bomfim
Could SARS-CoV-2-Induced Hyperinflammation Magnify the Severity of Coronavirus Disease (CoViD-19) Leading to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, Cytokine storm, corona virus disease 2019
Marie Larsson, Esaki M. Shankar, A.S. Smiline Girija
Coronavirus, salud pública y mundo editorial
Mundo Editorial, Salud Pública, coronavirus
Los coronavirus son una amplia familia de virus patógenos que pueden causar diversas afecciones, principalmente respiratorias, tanto en humanos como en animales vertebrados domésticos y salvajes. Pueden producir desde el resfriado común leve, uno severo y hasta enfermedades más graves, como ocurre con el Coronavirus 2 responsable del actual síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2), más conocido como Covid-19, que corresponde al nombre la enfermedad y que tiene en vilo al planeta (1,2).
Donicer Montes-Vergara, Marco González Tous, Luis Carlos Salgado-Arroyo, Jaime De la Osssa V
Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal Recia
Agriculture (General), Agriculture, Animal culture
Sterilization plan of the used metered dose inhalers (MDI) to avoid wastage amid COVID-19 pandemic drug shortage
sterilization, drug shortage, COVID-19, Metered Dse inhalers (MDI)
Abstract Background Coronavirus is causing a shortage of critical inhalers needed by patients with Asthma and respiratory illness. Patients with Asthma are at higher risk if they tract the novel Coronavirus. As the coronavirus continues to spread, hospitals are turning to use more salbutamol MDI. Salbutamol MDI has become the line of defence for physicians in the emergency room who are treating patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have respiratory distress .[Hui et al 2020 ,and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research 2020] During the COVID pandemic, there has been a drastic increase in the use of MDI inhalers; therefore, it led to a decrease in availability and a break in the supply chain. Patients with Asthma are at higher risk if they tract the novel Coronavirus, and an inhaler could be a life or death for them. As the coronavirus continues to spread, hospitals are turning to use more salbutamol Metered Dose inhaler (MDI). Salbutamol MDI is now on short supply as the COVID-19 continues to spread. Salbutamol MDI has become the line of defence for physicians in the emergency room who are treating patients with COVID-19 and have respiratory distress. The current shortage of salbutamol MDI could be a result of stockpiling and hoarding of this life-saving inhaler. That had led to a critical shortage of Salbutamol MDI, and even the case shortage continues with some other alternatives such as Ipratropium MDI and even with long-acting B-agonists such as Salmeterol and Formoterol which also starting to have a limitation on ordering these agents. Coronavirus sparks fear of medication shortage. Coronavirus panic-buying also may have led to a shortage of critical inhalers. We have also got elderly patients with COPD who may need Ventolin MDI and also premature babies who may have caught Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and need salbutamol MDI to support their lungs have since been compromised, and they rely heavily on Asthma inhalers. Finding a safe and creative strategy is essential during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Pharmacy and materia medica
The Role of Transthoracic Ultrasound in the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Reappraisal. Information and Disinformation: Is There Still Place for a Scientific Debate?
diagnostic accuracy, lung imaging, Transthoracic ultrasound, COVID-19, ultrasound artifacts
Marco Sperandeo, Donato Lacedonia, Gaetano Rea, Maria Pia Venuti, Carla Maria Irene Quarato, Anna Simeone, Lucia Maria Cecilia Dimitri, Beatrice Ferragalli
Analysis of the healthcare-seeking intention of eye patients during COVID-19 outbreak
-, Questionnaire, Ophthalmology, novel coronavirus, healthcare-seeking intention
AIM: To obtain the healthcare-seeking intention of eye patients during COVID-19 outbreak in China. METHODS: Questionnaire survey was conducted from 2020-02-10 to 2020-02-20, with the combination form of convenience sampling and “Link-tracking related sampling”. We designed the questionnaires, forwarded them to individuals or WeChat group chats, and had the participants fill out the questionnaires on mobile phones, to evaluate their healthcare seeking time and intention, as well as their sense of trust towards online consultation when they had ocular discomforts or trauma.RESULTS: Totally 458 males(51.3%)and 435 females(48.7%)responded and a total of 893 questionnaires were included. Our data shows that 26.5%, 33.3%, and 40.2% of the respondents respectively from low, medium and high risk area chose online consultation during the COVID-19 outbreak, and the hospital visiting rates were 45.1%, 30.3%, 24.6% in corresponding area. We also demonstrated that gender, age, education level, regional economic development, and the region-level risk classifications have impacts on the consultation methods of the population. Compared to females(39.3%), more males(60.7%)intended to accept online medicine, and the participants from highly developed area preferentially chose virtual medical advisory service(68.2%),while the hospital visiting rates of less developed area(65.2%)was much higher than that in developed area(34.8%). Interestingly, geographic risk level had dramatic influence on the participants' sense of trust towards online consultation.CONCLUSION: Virtual online consultations were more favorable among Chinese population during COVID-19 outbreak, and were potential to facilitate clinician-patient communication. However, a balance should be achieved between online consultations and face-to-face communication, to avoid human-to-human coronavirus transmission, and to resolve patients' problems.
Yi Zhang, Li Cai, Hua Feng, Shu Jiang, Yueming Wu
Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS)
Guideline-Based Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment Plus Standard Care for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (G-CHAMPS): Evidence From China
Randomized Controlled Trial, Chinese herbal medicine, guideline, pilot study, COVID-19
Background: In January, national guidelines were developed and recommended for use throughout China to fight coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was also included as part of the treatment plans at various stages of COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a pilot randomized, controlled trial in patients with severe COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Eligible adult patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either CHM plus standard care or standard care alone for 7 days. The primary outcome was the change in the disease severity category of COVID-19 after treatment.Results: Between Jan 31, 2020, and Feb 19, 2020, 42 out of 100 screened patients were included in the trial: 28 in the CHM plus standard care group and 14 in the standard care alone group. Among 42 participants who were randomized (mean [SD] age 60.43 years [12.69 years]), 21 (21/42, 50%) were aged ≥65 years, 35 (35/42, 83%) were women, and 42 (42/42, 100%) had data available for the primary outcome. For the primary outcome, one patient from each group died during treatment; the odds of a shift toward death was lower in the CHM plus group than in the standard care alone group (common OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.148–2.352, P = 0.454). Three (two from the CHM plus group and one from the standard care alone group) patients progressed from severe to critical illness. After treatment, mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 disease accounted for 17.86% (5/28) vs. 14.29% (2/28), 71.43% (20/28) vs. 64.29% (9/28), and 0% (0) vs. 7.14% (1/28) of the patients treated with CHM plus standard care vs. standard care alone.Conclusions: For the first time, the G-CHAMPS trial provided valuable information for the national guideline-based CHM treatment of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. The effects of CHM in COVID-19 may be clinically important and warrant further consideration and studies.Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx. Uniqueidentifier: ChiCTR2000029418.
Yongan Ye, The G-CHAMPS Collaborative Group
The covid-19 outbreak: a Chinese school student’s life in isolation for 73 days