Characterization of the factors associated with the growth phase of dairy cattle in family farming
Agricultura Familiar, Bezerra, Extensão rural, Pecuária de leite, diagnóstico, novilha
The aim of this study was to characterize the factors associated with the growth phase of dairy cattle used in family farming. We investigated 20 family-run milk production systems located in the Conceição de Ipanema municipality, MG, Brazil. Farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured survey form containing 152 questions. The questions were aimed at characterizing the farmer, herd, and husbandry system at pre- and post-weaning phases. Data were processed by using Sphinx® software, and descriptive analyses were performed in MS Excel® software. The results showed strengths, including navel healing (100%), location of the calf housing above (45%) or next to the pen (35%), and existence of a sanitary calendar (90%). However, several limitations in the management of calves and heifers were identified, such as lack of zootechnical bookkeeping (55%), manual milking with calf at the foot (65%), absence of herd sizing (100%), no routine weighing of calves (95%), incorrect colostrum management (80%), non-supply of transition milk to calves (85%), and likely failure to diagnose diseases by a fraction of the farmers. Thus, training regarding adequate management practices by extension technicians is imperative, along with the formulation of public policies that comply with the aspirations of family farmers, while promoting their economic and social sustainability.
Rodrigo de Andrade Ferrazza, Marcos Aurelio Lopes, Gilvando Fabio Uliana de Moura
http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/29646
O Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar no estado da Paraíba: avanços e desafios
O Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf) surge em 1996 como política pública de incentivo ao desenvolvimento da pequena produção rural, buscando o seu fortalecimento. No decorrer da sua existência, o Programa passou por diversas alterações, com o objetivo de sanar suas dificuldades operacionais. Mesmo assim, diversos problemas são indicados por autores da área. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo contribuir com este debate, a partir da análise do desenvolvimento do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf) no decorrer dos anos. Buscou-se, para isso, estudar os avanços e desafios enfrentados pelo Programa para garantir a sustentabilidade dos agricultores familiares brasileiros, com destaque para os agricultores do Nordeste, em especial os do estado da Paraíba. Para tanto, foi realizada uma ampla pesquisa literária e coleta de dados. Foi possível concluir que houve avanços operacionais, principalmente no que tange à disponibilização de linhas de crédito, mas ainda é preciso avançar na reflexão sobre a influência deste Programa sobre o modelo de desenvolvimento do meio rural brasileiro.
https://periodicos.ifpb.edu.br/index.php/principia/article/view/821
Science (General), Technology (General), Science
Molecular and Biological Characterization of the First Hypovirus Identified in Fusarium oxysporum
FodHV2, Fusarium oxysporum, Hypoviridae, hypovirus, mycovirus
A novel mycovirus named Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi hypovirus 2 (FodHV2) has been identified infecting isolates Fod 408 and Fod 409 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi from Morocco. The genome of FodHV2 is 9,444 nucleotides long excluding the poly(A) tail, and has a single open reading frame encoding a polyprotein. The polyprotein contains three highly conserved domains of UDP glucose/sterol glucosyltransferase, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and viral RNA helicase. In addition, particular residues of Cys, Hys, and Gly detected in the N-terminal region suggest the presence of the catalytic site of a highly diverged papain-like protease. Genomic organization, presence of particular conserved motifs, and phylogenetic analyses based on multiple alignments clearly grouped FodHV2 with the members of the family Hypoviridae. FodHV2 was transferred by hyphal anastomosis to a recipient HygR-tagged virus-free strain. The comparison of the infected and non-infected isogenic strains showed that FodHV2 did not alter the vegetative growth, neither the conidiation nor the virulence of its fungal host. Efficiency of FodHV2 transmission through the conidia was 100% in both the original and the recipient infected-isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a hypovirus infecting the plant pathogen F. oxysporum, and also the first one of a hypovirus detected in a fungal strain from the African continent.
Almudena Torres-Trenas, Almudena Torres-Trenas, M. Carmen Cañizares, M. Dolores García-Pedrajas, Encarnación Pérez-Artés
Tártago asociado a cultivos anuales: una opción para la agricultura familiar
Algodón, Ricinus communis L, asociación de cultivos, maíz, poroto, índice equivalente de la tierra
El tártago por sus características agroecológicas se adapta a la agricultura familiar. Para evaluar la factibilidad de la asociación de tártago con cultivos anuales se instaló un experimento con diseño en bloques completos al azar, con siete tratamientos y tres repeticiones, en el Distrito de Escobar, Departamento de Paraguarí, entre agosto de 2007 y julio de 2009. Los tratamientos fueron T1: monocultivo de maíz; T2: monocultivo de poroto; T3: monocultivo de algodón; T4: monocultivo de tártago; T5: tártago asociado a maíz; T6: tártago asociado a poroto; T7: tártago asociado a algodón. Fueron analizadas altura del cacho primario, altura de plantas de tártago en el primer año y rendimiento en granos de tártago, maíz, poroto y algodón en rama, en monocultivo y asociados y la eficiencia de las asociaciones mediante el Índice Equivalente de la Tierra (IET) en los dos años. La mayor altura de inserción del cacho primario y altura final de plantas se obtuvieron en la asociación del tártago con maíz (149,0 cm), y de tártago con algodón (215,0 cm), respectivamente, evaluadas en el primer año de experimentación. El rendimiento de tártago en el mismo año en monocultivo y en asociación presentó escasa variación, entre 963 y 1059 kg ha-1. En el segundo año, se obtuvo menor producción en la asociación de tártago con maíz (898 kg ha-1) y con algodón (890 kg ha-1) que en monocultivo (1056 kg ha-1). El IET obtenido en los dos años indica que asociando el cultivo de tártago con algodón, maíz o poroto se logra un uso más eficiente del suelo.
Jimmy Walter Rasche Alvarez, Diego Augusto Fatecha Fois, Nelson Gabriel Gaona Riego, José Francisco Ibarra Olhagaray, Gustavo Adolfo Rolón Paredes
http://www.agr.una.py/revista/index.php/ria/article/view/263
GREENHOUSES: Technology assisting Family Farming
Agricultor familiar, Produtividade Ferramentas, Vulnerabilidade
Family farms are formed by small farmers and their families, their activity is of great importance for the country, considering that it meets 70% of food distribution in Brazil, but its recognition on public policy makes your lower investment related will agribusiness, food producers cultivate these are natural and they use less pesticide compared to large producers. Family farming is experiencing difficulties before the climate vulnerability, preventing large yields, on these events, through studies and research we came to a conclusion in creating a smartphone application, which has the following function to correct the factors that affect productivity family farmer. This application will provide the user with two important tools (air conditioning and irrigation), for control of the environment, which will monitor and changes in the area, thus increasing productivity and reducing cost in production. This indicates that the factors that interfere with productivity will be corrected and productions that have their vulnerability, through this method will be solved making it impossible for losses prevail in production.
Marcos Vinicius Santos da Silva, Jheniffer Rafaela Rocha Sanches
Revista Eletrônica Competências Digitais para Agricultura Familiar
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
http://codaf.tupa.unesp.br:8082/index.php/recodaf/article/view/14
Comportamento fenotípico do feijão macassar inoculado com rizóbio sob biofertilização suína e estresse salino
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os atributos de emergência e crescimento do feijão macassar irrigado com águas salinas em resposta à inoculação das sementes com Bradyrhizobium sp. e adição de biofertilizante suíno como alternativa de atenuação do estresse salino das plantas. O delineamento experimental foi utilizado em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, em arranjo fatorial 5 x 2 x 2, correspondente a cinco níveis de salinidade hídrica (0,5; 2,0; 3,5; 5,0 e 6,5 dS m-1), no solo com e sem biofertilizante suíno, e com sementes com e sem inoculação. Foram avaliados o porcentual de emergência, o tempo médio de emergência, o índice de velocidade de emergência das sementes, as taxas de crescimento absoluto e relativo em fitomassa fresca epígea, a área foliar, fitomassas seca da raiz, do caule e das folhas e partições de biomassas radiculares, caulinares e foliares. O estresse salino potencializa prejuízos no porcentual de emergência, no tempo médio e no índice de velocidade de emergência das sementes de feijão macassar. O biofertilizante suíno aplicado em fundação eleva e a inoculação reduz o tempo médio de emergência do feijão macassar. O uso concomitante de águas salinas, de biofertilizante suíno e da inoculação com Bradyrhizobium não influencia os atributos de emergência de sementes de feijão macassar, porém mitigam o estresse salino nos atributos de crescimento das plantas.
José Lucínio de Oliveira Freire, Jandeilson Alves de Arruda, Manuela da Silva Morais, Diego Macedo de Carvalho
https://periodicos.ifpb.edu.br/index.php/principia/article/view/983
Efecto de un bioproducto a base de Pseudomona aeruginosa en el cultivo del tomate (Solanum licopersicum Mill)
Desarrollo, Development, Tomato, bioproduct, bioproducto, crecimiento, growth, rendimiento, tomate, yield
El uso de bioproductos se incrementa gradualmente en la agricultura de países que propugnan un cambio hacia un modelo en armonía con el medioambiente. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta del cultivo del tomate a la aplicación del bioproducto Gluticid®, obtenido a partir de metabolitos activos de Pseudomona aeruginosa. Los experimentos se desarrollaron en áreas experimentales del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA) de Cuba, y se estudiaron cinco tratamientos, cuatro con la aplicación de Gluticid® y un tratamiento testigo (sin aplicación del producto). Los tratamientos con Gluticid® (5 g.L-1), se realizaron imbibiendo las semillas con el producto (15 y 30 min) y a su vez se realizó una segunda aplicación foliar del bioproducto. En el cultivo se evaluaron algunas variables de crecimiento y desarrollo, y se determinó el rendimiento agrícola. Los resultados mostraron la efectividad del bioproducto, destacándose el tratamiento que recibió la aplicación de Gluticid® una sola vez con 30 min de imbibición, confirmándose la efectividad de este bioproducto en la obtención de plantas más vigorosas, así como un estímulo en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas con la consiguiente obtención de rendimientos aceptables. Palabras clave: bioproducto, tomate, crecimiento, desarrollo, rendimiento. Abstract: The use of bioproducts has increased gradually in the agriculture of countries that support a change toward a model in harmony with the environment. The present work had as objective to evaluate the response of tomato crop to the application of bioproduct Gluticid®, obtained from Pseudomona aeruginosa. The experiments were developed in experimental areas of National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (INCA) of Cuba and five treatments were studied, four with the application of Gluticid® and a test treatment. The treatments with Gluticid® were carried out submerging the seed with the product (15 and 30 minutes) and in turn were carried out a second foliate application of bioproduct. Some growth indicators were evaluated, as well as the agricultural yield was determined too. The results showed the effectiveness of bioproduct, standing out the treatment that received the application of Gluticid® a single time with 15 minutes of submerging, being confirmed the effectiveness of this bioproduct in the obtaining of vigorous plants as well as the obtaining of acceptable yields. Key words: Bioproduct, tomato, growth, development, yield.
Elein Terry Alfonso, Josefa Ruiz Padrón, Tamara Tejeda Peraza
http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/biotecnologia/article/view/15520
Income of cooperated farmers and agroindustries in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Agricultura orgânica, Alimentación Escolar, PAA/PNAE, Políticas Públicas, Supermercados
The study analyzed the impact of public programs: the National School Food Program (PNAE) and Food Acquisition Program (PAA) on the gross income of agribusinesses and family farmers marketing their products through cooperatives in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The data studied are 179 farmers and 74 agribusinesses. We model average sale returns per unit for farmers and agribusinesses as a function of the intensity of use of organic agriculture, type of sale: supermarkets or government programs, and type of food: fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs and dairy and bakery products. For both farmers and agribusinesses, we found to be more advantageous to sell processed foods to supermarkets. For farmers and agroindustries it is advantageous to sell processed foods for supermarkets. For individual farmers it is advantageous to sell fresh fruits and increase the proportion of sales of organic products. For agribusinesses, selling vegetables resulted in lower income and the sale of organic products does not significantly affect the income of the agroindustries.
Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença, Anete Araújo de Sousa, Rosaura Gazzola, Geraldo da Silva e Souza, Suellen Secchi Martinelli
Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Grupo Verde de Agroecologia e Abelhas (GVAA)
https://www.gvaa.com.br/revista/index.php/RVADS/article/view/5977
Agriculture (General), Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences
Ressenya de llibre: Cristóbal Cobo; John W. Moravec (2011) Aprendizaje invisible. Hacia una nueva ecología de la educación. UBe Col.lecció Transmedia XXI:Barcelona
Ressenya del llibre de Cristóbal Cobo i John W. Moravec (2011) Aprendizaje invisible. Hacia una nueva ecología de la educación. UBe Col.lecció Transmedia XXI:Barcelona
Revista d'Innovació i Recerca en Educació
http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/REIRE/article/view/2565
Principais fatores condicionantes da formação e implicações para uso de Cambissolos em São Desidério, Oeste da Bahia /
Os cambissolos da região Oesteda Bahia são menos estudados do ponto de vista de sua gênese e manejo. Esta porção do estado da Bahia possui em sua maior extensão latossolos, que são mais estudados e conhecidosdo que os cambisolos da região, tendo em vista tipo de agricultura aplicada nestes dois tipos de solos. É praticada, de forma geral, a agricultura familiar em áreas de cambissolos e o agronegócio associado aos latossolos. Assim, foi objetivo deste estudo caracterizar alguns atributos morfológicos, químicos e físicos em umperfil de cambissolo no município de São Desidério, a fim de fornecer subsídios para melhor entender a influência do relevo em sua gênese, além de informações sobre seu aproveitamento. Para tanto, baseado em mapeamentos regionais prévios, foi escolhido umperfil de solo para descrição morfológica, tendo sido suas amostras coletadas e analisadas em laboratório onde foram realizadas análise textural, densidade de partículas, teor de matéria orgânica e pH. Os fendilhamentos evidentes nos horizontes superficial e intermediário demonstram a importância da textura argilosa combinada à sazonalidade local, esta última responsável pela contração das argilas no período de estiagem. Tais características indicam alta fertilidade para este solo.No entanto, a presença de fendilhamentos pode influenciar negativamente a prática agrícola, além de potencializar processos erosivos sob chuvas torrentes. The cambisols of western State of Bahia (Northeastern Brazil) are less studied in terms of genesis and handling, once this portion of this State has latosols in its largest extension, where most of these studies are concentrated, due to the type of agriculture applied on these two kinds of soil. In general, the family agriculture is practiced in cambisol areas while agribusiness is more related to latosol ones. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize some morphological, chemical and physical attributes in a cambisol profile in São Desidério City, in order to provide abetter understand of the relief influence in its genesis, including information about its use. In order to do so, and based on previous regional mapping, a soil profile has been chosen for morphological description, and its samples were collected and analyzed in the lab where textural analysis, particles density, organic matter content and pH have been performed. The evident cracks on the superficial and intermediate horizons show how important the clayey texture along with local seasonality is. This one is responsible for contracting the clays during the dry season and such characteristics indicate high fertility for this soil. However, the presence of cracks may negatively influence the farming, besides enhancing erosive processes under torrential rains.
Arianne de Souza Barbosa, Gisele Barbosa dos Santos, Edimar Souza Dias, Ervson da Silva Siqueira, Juliano Ramos da Silva, Vitória Dourado Barbosa
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri
http://www.revistaespinhaco.com/index.php/journal/article/view/201