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                <text>Rising to the challenge: The emergency nursing response to COVID-19 in the Pacific.</text>
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                <text>Sarah L Bornstein, Leigh G Elton, Frances Kennedy, Mamatuki Sosefo, Peter Daniel, Elizabeth Sanau, Regina Nason, Rob D Mitchell</text>
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                <text>Risk Analysis and Crisis Management of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19✩</text>
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                <text>Weixi Xu, Xuanhua Xu</text>
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                <text>After the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia, all regions have responded to take measures. Emergency decision-making plays an important role, directly related to the safety of the people, and more deeply will affect the future of the country. In this paper, we try to use the wisdom of large groups which are distributed in the social network to deal with the relevant indicators of the group big data decision-making model under the maximum likelihood estimation of the complementary judgment matrix, to establish the epidemic risk assessment system of infectious diseases, and to realize the group decision-making and risk analysis based on the big data.</text>
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                <text>Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Risk in industry. Risk management</text>
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                <text>Michael McAleer, Chia-Lin Chang, Wing-Keung Wong</text>
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                <text>The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes the COVID-19 disease led to the most significant change in the world order over the past century, destabilizing the global economy and financial stock markets, the world’s economy, social development, business, risk, financial management and financial markets, among others. COVID-19 has generated great uncertainty, and dramatically affected tourism, travel, hospitality, supply chains, consumption, production, operations, valuations, security, financial stress and the prices of all products, including fossil fuel and renewable energy sources. This Editorial introduces a Special Issue of the Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) on the “Risk and Financial Management of COVID-19 in Business, Economics and Finance”. This Special Issue will attract practical, state-of-the-art applications of mathematics, probability and statistical techniques on the topic, including empirical applications. This paper investigates important issues that have been discussed in tourism, global health security and risk management in business as well as the social and medical sciences.</text>
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                <text>tourism, business, Global Health Security, economics and finance, virus and disease, risk and financial management, social and medical sciences</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/jrfm13050102</text>
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                <text>Risk assessment of mixed and displacement ventilation (LAF) during orthopedic and trauma surgery on COVID-19 patients with increased release of infectious aerosols</text>
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                <text>Müller Michael, Kramer Axel, Külpmann, Rüdiger, Brunner, Arnold, Wassilew, Georgi</text>
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                <text>; Negative-Pressure, laminar airflow, displacement ventilation, mixed ventilation, no ventilation, sars-cov-2 spread</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000342</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine, Medicine, Microbiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Risk Assessment of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreaks Outside China</text>
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                <text>Péter Boldog, Tamás Tekeli, Zsolt Vizi, Attila Dénes, Ferenc A. Bartha, Gergely Röst</text>
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                <text>We developed a computational tool to assess the risks of novel coronavirus outbreaks outside of China. We estimate the dependence of the risk of a major outbreak in a country from imported cases on key parameters such as: (i) the evolution of the cumulative number of cases in mainland China outside the closed areas; (ii) the connectivity of the destination country with China, including baseline travel frequencies, the effect of travel restrictions, and the efficacy of entry screening at destination; and (iii) the efficacy of control measures in the destination country (expressed by the local reproduction number     R loc    ). We found that in countries with low connectivity to China but with relatively high     R loc    , the most beneficial control measure to reduce the risk of outbreaks is a further reduction in their importation number either by entry screening or travel restrictions. Countries with high connectivity but low     R loc     benefit the most from policies that further reduce     R loc    . Countries in the middle should consider a combination of such policies. Risk assessments were illustrated for selected groups of countries from America, Asia, and Europe. We investigated how their risks depend on those parameters, and how the risk is increasing in time as the number of cases in China is growing.</text>
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                <text>novel coronavirus, Transmission, Risk assessment, interventions, travel, Outbreak, COVID-19, compartmental model, branching process</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020571</text>
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                <text>Journal of Clinical Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Risk Assessment of the Overseas Imported COVID-19 of Ocean-Going Ships Based on AIS and Infection Data</text>
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                <text>Christophe Claramunt, Zhihuan Wang, Meng-Yuan Yao, Chenguang Meng</text>
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                <text>Preventing and controlling the risk of importing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly become a major concern. In addition to air freight, ocean-going ships play a non-negligible role in spreading COVID-19 due to frequent visits to countries with infected populations. This research introduces a method to dynamically assess the infection risk of ships based on a data-driven approach. It automatically identifies the ports and countries these ships approach based on their Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) data and a spatio-temporal density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (ST_DBSCAN) algorithm. We derive daily and 14 day cumulative ship exposure indexes based on a series of country-based indices, such as population density, cumulative confirmed cases, and increased rate of confirmed cases. These indexes are classified into high-, middle-, and low-risk levels that are then coded as red, yellow, and green according to the health Quick Response (QR) code based on the reference exposure index of Wuhan on April 8, 2020. This method was applied to a real container ship deployed along a Eurasian route. The results showed that the proposed method can trace ship infection risk and provide a decision support mechanism to prevent and control overseas imported COVID-19 cases from international shipping.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9060351</text>
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                <text>ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Geography (General)</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Risk Assessment of the SME Sector Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic</text>
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                <text>Katarzyna Grondys, Oliwia Ślusarczyk, Hafezali  Iqbal Hussain, Armenia Androniceanu</text>
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                <text>The subject matter of the article relates to the assessment of the perception of selected types of risk in economic activities of the SME sector, which change their intensity as a result of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current economic downturn is unprecedented and involves many companies and industries that have faced new, previously unknown challenges and threats. The objective of the article is to identify the most important risks and their resources based on the empirical research carried out in small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. The formulated objective was accomplished using the data collection method, i.e., the survey and reports on the condition of the SME sector in Poland as well as statistical data analysis methods, i.e., structure index and the analysis of variance, using the SPSS system. The process of primary data collection was carried out by means of an electronic survey among selected enterprises of the SME sector, conducting business activities in Poland. In the study, the employment factor was taken into account as a determinant of the perception and assessment of the intensity of selected risks arising from the economic activity in the Polish market in the conditions of the current economic downturn. On the basis of the obtained results, the impact of market, economic, financial and operational risks, depending on their intensity, on the functioning of micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises was identified. Based on the analysis of variance, the effect of the size of the company on the level of individual risks was also examined. As a result of the observations made, it was established that, during the pandemic, the level and type of risk is similar in all the surveyed enterprises. They are most often threatened by strong competition in the industry, an increase in energy prices and insufficient profit. The overall results of the empirical research indicate the importance and the need to manage the key threats to the Polish SME sector.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Risk factors, risk management, SME risk</text>
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                <text>10.3390/ijerph18084183</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                <text>Risk Communication and Community Engagement in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal</text>
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                <text>Pedro Miguel Teixeira, Duarte Vital Brito, Rita Araújo, Bernardo Gomes</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Portugal, Comunicação em saúde, avaliação de risco, Redes Comunitárias, ciências comportamentais</text>
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                <text>10.20344/amp.15145</text>
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                <text>Acta Médica Portuguesa</text>
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                <text>Ordem dos Médicos</text>
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                <text>Medicine, Medicine (General)</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Risk Communication Effectiveness During COVID-19 Pandemic Among General Population in Saudi Arabia</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58973">
                <text>Almuzaini Y, Mushi A, Aburas A, Yassin Y, Alamri F, Alahmari A, Yezli S, Khan AA, Jokhdar HA</text>
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                <text>Yasir Almuzaini,1 Abdulaziz Mushi,1 Alhanouf Aburas,1 Yara Yassin,1 Fahad Alamri,1 Ahmed Alahmari,1 Saber Yezli,1 Anas A Khan,1,2 Hani A Jokhdar3 1Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 12341, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia; 3Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Yasir AlmuzainiGlobal Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTel +966567761011Email Almuzaini.Yasir1@gmail.comPurpose: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), declared a pandemic by WHO in March 2020, is an unprecedented occurrence in our recent history. Effective risk communication by health authorities, through relaying reliable and authoritative information, is imperative in combating the spread of the outbreak. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of risk communication campaign and overall awareness during COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in Saudi Arabia.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 5472 individuals in Saudi Arabia was conducted to assess several factors regarding the risk communication messages during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the knowledge and response of the general population toward COVID-19 and MoH efforts. The questionnaire was divided into five main sections: general knowledge of COVID-19, channels and social media platforms used perceived risk and stress or panic toward COVID-19, satisfaction and community perception, most trusted source of information, and type of information received.Results: A total of 5472 individuals participated in the study residing in Saudi Arabia. Overall knowledge of COVID-19 was determined to be above average (0.58 + 0.159). Of the general population, 57.1% perceived that the risk of getting sick with COVID-19 is low, while nearly half of the respondents (45.7%) have a high level of stress and panic toward COVID-19. The majority of responders to the questionnaire reinforced that MoH was their most trusted source of information for the COVID-19 pandemic (91.7%).Conclusion: This study showed that the risk communication campaign by healthcare authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic has improved the awareness among the general population in Saudi Arabia, where the overwhelming majority placed high trust in the MoH as its main reference for COVID-19 information.Keywords: COVID-19, risk communication, awareness, Saudi Arabia</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Saudi Arabia, awareness, covid-19, Risk communication</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine</text>
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                <text>Risk estimation of the SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory disease outbreak outside China.</text>
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                <text>Moran Ki, So Young Kim, Sunhwa Choi, Youngsuk Ko, Eunok Jung</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="32793">
                <text>On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization was alerted to the occurrence of cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, that were caused by an unknown virus, which was later identified as a coronavirus and named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to estimate the reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 in the Hubei Province and evaluate the risk of an acute respiratory coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak outside China by using a mathematical model and stochastic simulations. We constructed a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics, estimated the rate of transmission, and calculated the reproductive number in Hubei Province by using case-report data from January 11 to February 6, 2020. The possible number of secondary cases outside China was estimated by stochastic simulations in various scenarios of reductions in the duration to quarantine and rate of transmission. The rate of transmission was estimated as 0.8238 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8095-0.8382), and the basic reproductive number as 4.1192 (95% CI 4.0473-4.1912). Assuming the same rate of transmission as in Hubei Province, the possibility of no local transmission is 54.9% with a 24-h quarantine strategy, and the possibility of more than 20 local transmission cases is 7% outside of China. The reproductive number for SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics is significantly higher compared to that of the previous SARS epidemic in China. This implies that human-to-human transmission is a significant factor for contagion in Hubei Province. Results of the stochastic simulation emphasize the role of quarantine implementation, which is critical to prevent and control the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak outside China.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32794">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32795">
                <text>mathematical model, Stochastic simulation, risk estimation, reproductive number, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32796">
                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s12976-020-00127-6</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32797">
                <text>Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32798">
                <text>BMC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
