Constructing and Communicating COVID-19 Stigma on Twitter: A Content Analysis of Tweets during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Outbreak
covid-19, Stigma, coronavirus 2019, twitter, Content Analysis, model of stigma communication
This study focuses on stigma communication about COVID-19 on Twitter in the early stage of the outbreak, given the lack of information and rapid global expansion of new cases during this period. Guided by the model of stigma communication, we examine four types of message content, namely mark, group labeling, responsibility, and peril, that are instrumental in forming stigma beliefs and sharing stigma messages. We also explore whether the presence of misinformation and conspiracy theories in COVID-19-related tweets is associated with the presence of COVID-19 stigma content. A total of 155,353 unique COVID-19-related tweets posted between December 31, 2019, and March 13, 2020, were identified, from which 7000 tweets were randomly selected for manual coding. Results showed that the peril of COVID-19 was mentioned the most often, followed by mark, responsibility, and group labeling content. Tweets with conspiracy theories were more likely to include group labeling and responsibility information, but less likely to mention COVID-19 peril. Public health agencies should be aware of the unintentional stigmatization of COVID-19 in public health messages and the urgency to engage and educate the public about the facts of COVID-19.
Scott R. Weaver, Yachao Li, Sylvia Twersky, Kelsey Ignace, Mei Zhao, Radhika Purandare, Breeda Bennett-Jones
Screen Time dalam Perilaku Pengasuhan Gererasi Alpha pada Masa Tanggap Darurat Covid-19
screen time, Pengasuhan, generasi alpha, work and study from home
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengenahui peningkatan intensitas akses perangkat digital oleh anak selama WFH, bagaimana polanya, apa saja factor yang mempengaruhinya, dan apa dampaknya terhadap aspek perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-naratif untuk menceritakan perilaku screen time dalam pengasuhan anak usia dini di masa tanggap darurat Covid-19. Screen time adalah waktu yang dihabiskan anak di depan layar, baik smartphone, televisi, laptop, tab atau media digital lainnya. Analisis data menggunakan teknik Miles Hubermen yang terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu reduksi, penyajian dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 6 faktor yang mempengaruhi pola, intensitas dan jangka waktu anak usia dini dalam menggunakan perangkat digital. Peningkatan intensitas terjadi apabila orang tua belum menerapkan disiplin dalam penggunaan perangkat digital oleh anak, minimnya ide permainan dan teman sebaya. Tujuan mengakses perangkat digital untuk hiburan. Perangkat digital dapat meningkatkan aspek kognitif namun berdampak negatif pada aspek sosial emosional.
COVID-19 prevention and control: a study of the knowledge, awareness and attitude towards the disease among radiology departments staff in Sudan
Introduction. In the wake of the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to strictly follow all the standard infection prevention and control measures (SICPs) of the World Health Organization (WHO). SICPs is a scientific approach and practical solution designed to prevent harm caused by infection to patients and health workers.Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of standard measures of IPCs among the staff of the radiology departments in Sudan.Material and methods. A qualitative survey was conducted using a questionnaire distributed via email among radiology staff in thirty-three different hospitals in Sudan. The questionnaire was developed by the authors, with help from scientific literature to cover key areas of knowledge, awareness and attitude regarding infection prevention and control guidelines of COVID-19.Results. A total of 68.3% of the study group knew the guidelines established by WHO to deal with COVID-19 patients or suspected cases. 65% of the respondents had previous training in hand hygiene and about 75% of them had sufficient knowledge in hand hygiene, observed during their routine clinical practices. 69.2% of respondents used portable imaging equipment to limit the transportation of COVID-19 patients and 69.2% were aware that the patients were wearing a surgical mask when entering and leaving the radiology department.Conclusions. The radiology departments staff in Sudan is fairly aware of SICPs. They are strictly following standard guidelines for infection, prevention and management of COVID-19 issued by WHO.
Mustafa Z. Mahmoud, Batil Alonazi, Ala M. A. ELGYOUM, Mogahid M. A. ZIDAN
Analysis of the Risk Factors for Nosocomial Bacterial Infection in Patients with COVID-19 in a Tertiary Hospital
covid-19, risk factor, nosocomial bacterial infection
Keping Cheng,1 Miao He,2 Qin Shu,3 Ming Wu,3 Cuifang Chen,2 Yulei Xue4 1Department of Infection Management, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Public Health, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi 435000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Huangshi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Huangshi 435004, Republic of China; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Keping ChengZhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail chengkeping@sina.comBackground: Infection surveillance and risk factor analysis are among the most important prerequisites for the prevention and treatment of nosocomial bacteria infections, which are the demands for both infected and non-infected patients.Purpose: To explore the risk factors for nosocomial bacterial infection of patients with COVID-19, and further to provide a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of nosocomial bacterial infection.Methods: Between 10 January 2020 and 9 March 2020, we collected data of 212 patients with COVID-19 and then explored the influence of age, gender, length of stay, use of ventilator, urinary catheterization, central venous catheterization, white blood cell (WBC) count and procalcitonin on the nosocomial bacterial infection of patients with COVID-19 by a retrospective study.Results: There were 212 confirmed cases of COVID-19, of which 31 cases had nosocomial bacterial infections, with an incidence of 14.62%. The most common types of nosocomial bacterial infections were lower respiratory tract (12 cases, 38.71%), which was the most frequent site, followed by urinary tract (10 cases, 32.26%), blood stream (7 cases, 22.58%), upper respiratory tract (1 case, 3.23%) and gastrointestinal tract infection (1 case, 3.23%). The incidence of nosocomial bacterial infection was significantly correlated with age, arteriovenous catheterization, urinary catheterization, WBC count and procalcitonin. Moreover, multivariate analysis confirmed that WBC (OR 8.38, 95% CI 1.07 to 65.55), procalcitonin (OR 4.92, 95% CI 1.39 to 17.33) and urinary catheterization (OR 25.38, 95% CI 5.09 to 126.53) were independent risk factors for the nosocomial bacterial infection of patients with COVID-19.Conclusion: Understanding the risk factors for nosocomial bacterial infection of patients with COVID-19 and strengthening the monitoring of various susceptible factors are helpful to control the occurrence of nosocomial bacterial infection in the COVID-19 isolation wards.Keywords: COVID-19, nosocomial bacterial infection, risk factor
Cheng K, He M, Shu Q, Wu M, Chen C, Xue Y
Sosialisasi Kupas Tuntas Covid-19 Berbasis Daring Pada Masyarakat Indonesia
Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat Indonesia tentang penyakit virus yang sedang mewabah di Negara Indonesia saat ini. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan berbasis daring supaya menghindari kerumunan masyarakat secara massal dan mengikuti ajuran kemenkes untuk menekan penularan virus COVID-19. Terdapat empat tahapan pada pelaksanan pengabdian masyarakat ini meliputi analisis kebutuhan, persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 337 peserta, namun hanya 240 peserta yang bersedia melengkapi form registrasi online. mencakup seluruh elemen masyarakat dan berasal dari seluruh Indonesia. Sebagian besar peserta menunjukkan kepuasan atas kegiatan yang dilaksanakan dan berharap dilaksanakan sosialisasi tentang COVID-19 dengan materi yang berbeda agar pengetahuan masyarakat semakin bertambah.
Simulations and Virtual Learning Supporting Clinical Education During the COVID 19 Pandemic [Response To Letter].
Advances in medical education and practice
Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Pembuatan Izin Usaha Melalui Sistem Online Single Submission (OSS) Bagi UMKM di Sumatera Selatan
on line, umkm, kewirausahaan, izin usaha
Legalitas merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi UMKM untuk mendapatkan pengakuan serta menjadi syarat utama dalam mengakses bantuan pemerintah. Pada masa covid-19 saat ini terdapat bantuan produktif bagi usaha mikro, sayangnya banyak sekali UMKM yang belum memiliki legalitas usaha, sehingga tidak bisa mengakses bantuan tersebut, padahal untuk membuat perizinan usaha bagi UMKM sangatlah mudah, karena dapat dilakukan secara online. Pelatihan kewirausahaan ini diadakan dengan tujuan agar para UMKM memahami dan mengerti untuk membuat izin usaha secara online melalui sistem online single submission (OSS). Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini ialah sosialisasi, diskusi, serta praktek. Output dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah izin usaha online bagi seluruh UMKM peserta kegiatan. Hasil dari pengabdian ini menunjukan bahwa mayoritas UMKM peserta pelatihan (73,33%) belum memiliki legalitas usaha, namun setelah mengikuti pelatihan, seluruh peserta (100%) sudah memiliki legalitas usaha. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan kewirausahaan ini telah berhasil memberikan pemahaman tentang cara pembuatan legalitas usaha secara online bagi seluruh peserta pelatihan
Gestão de riscos de atividades ao ar livre durante a pandemia de COVID-19: um relato de experiência
Educação, saúde, Turismo, segurança, Esportes de aventura
As atividades ao ar livre podem expor os praticantes a riscos, os quais não devem ser considerados unicamente impeditivos, entretanto, geram a demanda por processos estruturados de gestão, ainda mais relevantes com a presença da COVID-19. Este trabalho relata a experiência do desenvolvimento de um processo de gestão de riscos para atividades ao ar livre durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A experiência ocorreu em uma disciplina do Curso de Educação Física da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. O processo de gestão de riscos buscou contextualizar a proposta de atividades ao ar livre, além de identificar, analisar, avaliar e tratar os riscos. Enfim, uma experiência que contribuiu para o aprimoramento da segurança dos participantes da disciplina e que pode ser útil a demais praticantes de atividades ao ar livre, em especial, durante a pandemia.
Rodrigo Cavasini, Alice Pisani Annes, Jaqueline de Lima Kssesinski, Rafael Falcão Breyer
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-Rio-Grandense
Special aspects of education, Technology
Re-analysis of Single Cell Transcriptome Reveals That the NR3C1-CXCL8-Neutrophil Axis Determines the Severity of COVID-19
covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, neutrophil, glucocorticoid, BAL, CXCL8
SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently been declared a pandemic. Some patients showing severe symptoms exhibit drastic inflammation and airway damage. In this study, we re-analyzed published scRNA-seq data of COVID-19 patient bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to further classify and compare immunological features according to the patient’s disease severity. Patients with severe symptoms showed DNA damage and apoptotic features of epithelial cells. Our results suggested that epithelial damage was associated with neutrophil infiltration. Myeloid cells of severe patients showed higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL8. As a result, neutrophils were abundant in lungs of patients from the severe group. Furthermore, recruited neutrophils highly expressed genes related to neutrophil extracellular traps. Neutrophil-mediated inflammation was regulated by glucocorticoid receptor expression and activity. Based on these results, we suggest that severe COVID-19 symptoms may be determined by differential expression of glucocorticoid receptors and neutrophils.
Heung Kyu Lee, Jang Hyun Park, Heung Kyu Lee
Intervention effects in the transmission of COVID-19 depending on the detection rate and extent of isolation
isolation, covid-19, non-pharmaceutical intervention, social network, agent-based model
Objectives In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory infection is spreading in Korea. In order to prevent the spread of an infectious disease, infected people must be quickly identified and isolated, and contact with the infected must be blocked early. This study attempted to verify the intervention effects on the spread of an infectious disease by using these measures in a mathematical model. Methods We used the susceptible-infectious-recovery (SIR) model for a virtual population group connected by a special structured network. In the model, the infected state (I) was divided into I in which the infection is undetected and Ix in which the infection is detected. The probability of transitioning from an I state to Ix can be viewed as the rate at which an infected person is found. We assumed that only those connected to each other in the network can cause infection. In addition, this study attempted to evaluate the effects of isolation by temporarily removing the connection among these people. Results In Scenario 1, only the infected are isolated; in Scenario 2, those who are connected to an infected person and are also found to be infected are isolated as well. In Scenario 3, everyone connected to an infected person are isolated. In Scenario 3, it was possible to effectively suppress the infectious disease even with a relatively slow rate of diagnosis and relatively high infection rate. Conclusions During the epidemic, quick identification of the infected is helpful. In addition, it was possible to quantitatively show through a simulation evaluation that the management of infected individuals as well as those who are connected greatly helped to suppress the spread of infectious diseases.
Jong-Hun Kim, Okyu Kwon, Woo-Sik Son, Jin Yong Kim