Effects of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the German economy
coronavirus, Germany, China, Epidemic, Pandemic, GDP, global economic crisis, exports, imports, the European Union, global production chains
The coronavirus epidemic, which began in China in early 2020, has grown into a global pandemic. It has qualitatively changed the situation in the world economy. Global production value chains have been disrupted. This led to a failure in the production processes of many companies, primarily, automotive and engineering, pharmaceutical industry. Transport and logistics operations have been drastically reduced, international exhibition and tourism business has been stopped. The results of the first quarter raised the issue of the beginning of the global recession and the economic crisis. Among the EU countries, Germany was one of the first to experience the negative effects of the pandemic. This is due to the high level of openness of the economy, respectively, dependence on exports and imports of goods and services. A number of productions were suspended and employees were transferred to a reduced working week. The German government’s strict measures to combat the coronavirus, first of all, the introduction of quarantine for citizens, significantly worsened the situation in the economy. The state has developed and started to implement a large- scale program of assistance to economic entities. The article analyzes the first results of the influence of external and internal factors on the German economy, mechanisms of state support for business and their effectiveness. The author gives an assessment of the prospects for the economic de- velopment of Germany in 2020–2021.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Daring terhadap Stres Akademik Mahasiswa Selama Pandemi Covid-19
Pandemi covid-19 terjadi hampir diseluruh dunia menyebabkan kegiatan yang melibatkan banyak orang harus dihindari, salah satunya adalah kegiatan belajar mengajar. Di Indonesia sejak bulan Maret, proses pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi telah berubah menjadi pembelajaran daring/jarak jauh. Hal tersebut untuk mencegah penyebaran covid-19. Pembelajaran daring yang dilakukan mahasiswa menimbulkan beberapa kendala antara lain sinyal yang jelek, tugas yang banyak, kurang fokus, kesulitan tidur sehingga hal tersebut menyebabkan stress pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran daring terhadap stres akademik mahasiswa selama pandemi covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada April 2020 dengan responden mahasiswa strata satu di pulau jawa dengan jumlah 285 reponden. Pengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan dalam bentuk google form tentang informasi pembelajaran daring dan stress akademik. Analisis data yang digunakan uji analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran daring mempengaruhi stress akademik selama pandemi covid-19. Pembelajaran daring perlu didukung dengan sarana dan prasarana, kesiapan dan keterampilan dosen sehingga stres akademik pada mahasiswa dapat dihindari.
REACTIONS OF SMALL TO MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MASVINGO, ZIMBABWE TO COVID 19: IMPLICATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY
covid-19, lockdown, Employee, employer, Productivity, manufacturing small to medium enterprises
The COVID 19 pandemic has had a significant impact on livelihoods; the virus has affected not only the health sector but the work life of people as the government instituted measures to contain the spread of the virus. This study sought to explore how SMEs in Masvingo, Zimbabwe were affected by a government declared lockdown. In particular, the study sought to establish how the SMEs responded to the lockdown, the strategies that they instituted and the implications of the lockdown on the productivity of the SMEs. A qualitative approach was adopted specifically adopting the descriptive case study approach as a research methodology. Ten participants who participated in this study were conveniently selected from 7 purposively selected SMEs in Masvingo town. Indepth interviews were used for data collection. Results indicated that SMEs were negatively affected by the lockdown. Most of them stopped operations and had to lay off some of their employees. Production in most cases was halted and this entailed that the future after the lockdown was bleak for them. The SMEs appealed for government support to enable them to resuscitate after the lockdown.
Business, Management. Industrial management
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of Machine Using a Combination of Non-Destructive Testing for Heavy Manufacturing Industry
Markets are affected by assorted consumer requirements, which insist on superior quality, shorter delivery time, better customer support, and lower prices. Simultaneously, product life cycles are becoming shorter. Success relies on having either a cost-benefit or a value benefit, or, both in any competitive context. Therefore, non-destructive techniques (NDT) become vital but in the conventional system, the maintenance personnel has to visit the machine that consumes time and energy. In the present COVID-19 situation and to save energy and time, there is a necessity of making condition monitoring contactless as much as possible. Therefore, in this research work, a structural health monitoring analysis presented that covers: firstly, enlisting of the NDT infrastructure commonly available in heavy manufacturing industries; secondly, common causes and reasons of machine failures and finally, discusses need of embedded structural health monitoring (e-SHM) system with the combination of NDT in place of existing monitoring practice. The presented work suggested that a combination of NDT with e-SHM is better for timely fault detection to ensure effective condition monitoring.
Khaira Ashish, Dwivedi Ravi. K., Jain Sanjay
Pola Perilaku Konsumen Digital Dalam Memanfaatkan Aplikasi Dompet Digital
covid-19, consumer behavior, electronic payment, pembayaran elektronik, cashless society, perilaku konsumen, digital wallets, dompet digital
This research is about consumer behavior in making digital payments in buying and selling transactions. Digital payment methods are a new way of making payments, especially in times of a pandemic like today, this is also a result of government policies, various countries globally to not do many activities outside the home and keep each other apart during the Covid-19 pandemic. Consumer behavior has begun to switch conventional payment instruments to digital payments. Payment via digital wallets has become popular and most accepted as an emerging payment method in both developed and developing countries. This research itself aims to determine the behavior patterns of millennial consumers with impulsive buying because of seeing promotions and digital payment facilities. Based on this, the use of digital wallets on millennial consumer behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic is the object of research. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature approach. The research data is obtained through literature study and theoretical studies from various scientific sources. The results of the study show that the Covid-19 pandemic has increased the use of digital wallets to the tendency of consumer consumerism to use electronic transactions that are more suitable and efficient for use during a pandemic. The digital era has developed rapidly in a society that has adapted to become an adaptive shopper in a cashless society that has developed a new normal culture, namely electronic payment transactions through digital wallets. Penelitian ini mengenai perilaku konsumen melakukan pembayaran digital dalam transaksi jual-beli. Metode pembayaran digital menjadi cara baru melakukan pembayaran terlebih lagi di masa pandemi seperti sekarang ini, hal ini juga sebagai dampak dari kebijakan pemerintah, berbagai negara secara global untuk tidak banyak melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah serta menjaga jarak satu sama lain di masa pandemi Covid-19. Perilaku konsumen mulai beralih alat pembayaran konvensional menjadi pembayaran digital. Pembayaran melalui dompet digital telah populer dan paling diterima sebagai metode pembayaran yang muncul di negara maju dan berkembang. Penelitian ini sendiri bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola perilaku konsumen milenial dengan pembelian yang cepat serta tidak direncanakan (impulsive buying) karena melihat promosi dan sarana pembayaran digital. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penggunaan dompet digital pada perilaku konsumen milenial di saat pandemi Covid-19 menjadi obyek penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deksriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan literature. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui studi pustaka dan kajian teoritis dari berbagai sumber ilmiah. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pandemi Covid-19 memberikan peningkatan penggunaan dompet digital hingga kecenderungan konsumerisme konsumen dengan penggunaan transaksi elektronik yang lebih cocok dan efisien untuk digunakan dalam masa pandemi. Era digital sudah berkembang pesat dalam masyarakat yang sudah beradaptasi menjadi adaptive shopper di dalam cashless society yang mengembangkan budaya normal baru yaitu transaksi pembayaran elektronik melalui dompet digital.
Factors Associated with Burnout Among Physicians: An Evaluation During a Period of COVID-19 Pandemic
covid-19, Pandemic, Health care professionals, Burnout, Demographics
Sait Revda Dinibutun HRM Department, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait City, KuwaitCorrespondence: Sait Revda DinibutunAmerican University of the Middle East, Block 6, Building 1, Egaila, Kuwait City, KuwaitTel +965 222 51 400Fax +965 222 51 425Email sait.revda@aum.edu.kwPurpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and extent of burnout among physicians and investigate the factors related with burnout and the influence of the fight against coronavirus (COVID-19) on the burnout syndrome.Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted and conducted on 200 actively working physicians in Izmir/Turkey. Personal Information Form and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used in the survey.Results: The findings showed that the emotional exhaustion level of the physicians was medium, the levels of depersonalization and personal accomplishment were low, and the level of total burnout was low. It was observed that the burnout levels of males and females, and married and single physicians were similar. The emotional exhaustion level of 18– 23-year-old physicians was lower than the rest of the physicians. Physicians’ level of satisfaction with their income is not effective on burnout. The burnout level of physicians who did not choose their profession willingly was determined to be higher than the burnout level of the physicians who chose their profession willingly. One important finding showed that the burnout level of physicians who actively involved in the fight against COVID-19 was lower than the burnout level of the physicians who did not actively involve in the fight against COVID-19.Conclusion: Although the impact of some demographic variables, such as gender, marital status and satisfaction of income on burnout, was similar among the groups, total burnout level was lower in physicians who actively fought with the virus. This result may suggest that those physicians who were actively involved in the fight against COVID-19 had a high sense of meaningfulness of work which will result in high satisfaction with the work itself and, thus, creating less burnout. Also, they had a stronger feeling of personal accomplishment as they faced the immediate outcomes of their care for people infected by COVID-19.Keywords: burnout, healthcare professionals, demographics, COVID-19, pandemic
Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pengambilan Paksa Jenasah Pasien Covid-19 Di Indonesia
covid-19, Sanksi pidana, pengambilan, Jenasah
Sehubungan dengan semakin meningkatnya jumlah kasus Covid-19 di Indonesia yang sampai dengan bulan Juli 2020 mencapai lebih dari 86 ribu kasus dimana terdapat lebih dari 4 ribu jiwa yang meninggal dunia. Kasus kematian akibat Covid-19 yang cukup tinggi tersebut menimbulkan gejolak di masyarakat. Kasus pengambilan paksa jenazah pasien Covid-19 terjadi di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Dalam hal Maraknya kasus pengambilan paksa Jenazah Pasien Dalam Pengawasan (PDP) Covid-19 oleh pihak keluarga di berbagai daerah di Indonesia mendorong Kepolisian Republik Indonesia menerbitkan surat telegram Kapolri Nomor ST/1618/VI/Ops.2/2020 tanggal 5 Juni 2020. Surat Telegram tersebut ditujukan kepada para Kasatgas, Kasubsatgas, Kaopsda, dan Kaopsres Opspus Aman Nusa II 2020 untuk saling berkoordinasi dan bekerja sama dengan rumah sakit yang menjadi rujukan untuk penanganan pasien Covid-19 untuk segera melaksanakan tes swab terhadap pasien yang dirujuk, terutama pasien yang sudah menunjukkan gejala Covid-19, memiliki riwayat penyakit kronis, atau dalam keadaan kritis. Dengan berlakunya Surat Telegram tersebut memperbolehkan keluarga mengambil Jenazah PDP Covid-19 dengan sejumlah syarat. Sehingga, apabila masih ada pihak yang melakukan pengambilan jenazah pasien PDP Covid-19 secara paksa dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana.
Criminal Law Department, Faculty of Law, Pattimura University
The Violence Against Women During the COVID-19 Pandemics
coronavirus, Pandemic, Women, Domestic violence, lockdown
One of the biggest crises of the modern world – the COVID-19 pandemic – brought with itself new measures to be implemented all around the world. The lockdowns imposed to prevent the spread of the virus affected terribly numerous aspects of everyday life but mainly created a hidden pandemic indoors. The purpose of this paper is to underline the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in what concerns the violence against women (VAW). Although it might seem early for estimating the damages produced in this area of study, there can be envisaged many statistics, a lot of system weaknesses, and possible solutions to help the victims. This article aims to resume the whole chaos installed on the Globe behind the closed doors, in the family - the most intimate place, where the joy and the love should dominate.
Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
Citizens Facing COVID-19: Inequalities and Vulnerabilities of the Working Class The World Before COVID-19
covid-19, vulnerability, inequality, Working class, financial resilience
This paper relies on recent studies to describe the hardship of working-class people during the COVID-19 crisis, their vulnerabilities, and how social inequalities play a significant role in their exposure to the virus and its more severe and potentially deadly expressions. We show how existing inequalities before the pandemic, along with public policy, create the sanitary, financial, and economic disaster we are facing now. It is crucial to understand the pandemic's impacts on blue-collar workers and state-sponsored measures to fight against it. This essay also shows the need for further research on working-class issues such as their resilience to financial and sanitary hardship.
The Controversy on the Role of ACE2 Receptor in COVID-19 Infection: The Protective Shift toward the ACE2 Axis
ace2 ace covid-19 treatments genetic variations
Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is recognized as the main cellular receptor for the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, that facilitates its entry into the host target cell, leading to the fatal viral infection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, it is considered as a main therapeutic target in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The dual role of ACE2 as a gate for SARS-CoV-2 virus and as a part of lung and multi-organ protection has built a scientific debate that affects the choice of treatments used against COVID-19 patient. ACE2 inhibitors like anti-ACE2 antibodies were first introduced as therapeutic solutions that, theoretically, would decrease the availability of target molecules for SARS-CoV-2 by downregulating ACE2 expression. However, animal studies showed that ACE2 upregulation acts as a counterbalance to the hypertensive pro-inflammatory angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and results in a protective role against acute lung injury – a fatal consequence of the disease. The current study tests the effect of ACE2-activating treatments against the outcome of genetic variations in the population that have ACE2-upregulatory effects. Conclusion Despite its role as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, experimental studies and the genetic polymorphisms in populations that have ACE2 upregulation revealed a protective role against COVID-19 infection.