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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Saliva as an Alternative Specimen for Molecular COVID-19 Testing in Community Settings and Population-Based Screening</text>
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                <text>Senok A, Alsuwaidi H, Atrah Y, Al Ayedi O, Al Zahid J, Han A, Al Marzooqi A, Al Heialy S, Altrabulsi B, AbdelWareth L, Idaghdour Y, Ali R, Loney T, Alsheikh-Ali A</text>
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                <text>Abiola Senok,1,* Hanan Alsuwaidi,1,* Yusrah Atrah,2 Ola Al Ayedi,3 Janan Al Zahid,2 Aaron Han,1 Asma Al Marzooqi,3 Saba Al Heialy,1,4 Basel Altrabulsi,5 Laila AbdelWareth,5,6 Youssef Idaghdour,7 Raghib Ali,7 Tom Loney,1 Alawi Alsheikh-Ali1 1College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 2Molecular Department, Unilabs UAE, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 3Al Khawaneej Health Center, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 4Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; 5National Reference Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 6Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 7Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Abiola SenokCollege of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 14, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai 505055, United Arab EmiratesTel +97143838717Email abiola.senok@mbru.ac.aePurpose: With the easing of restriction measures, repeated community-based sampling for tracking new COVID-19 infections is anticipated for the next 6 to 12 months. A non-invasive, self-collected specimen like saliva will be useful for such public health surveillance. Investigations on the use of saliva for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR have largely been among COVID-19 in-pa\tients and symptomatic ambulatory patients with limited work in a community-based screening setting. This study was carried out to address this paucity of data and reported discrepancies in diagnostic accuracy for saliva samples.Patients and Methods: From 29th June to 14th July 2020, adults presenting for COVID-19 testing at a community-based screening facility in Dubai, United Arab Emirates were recruited. Clinical data, nasopharyngeal swab in universal transport media and drooling saliva in sterile containers were obtained. Reverse transcriptase PCR amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and N genes was used to detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Results: Of the 401 participants, 35 (8.7%) had viral detection in at least one specimen type and the majority (n=20/35; 57.1%) were asymptomatic. Both swab and saliva were positive in 19 (54.2%) patients, while 7 (20.0%) patients had swab positive/saliva negative results. There were 9 (25.7%) patients with saliva positive/swab negative result and this included 5 asymptomatic COVID-19 patients undergoing repeat screening. Using the swab as the reference gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of saliva were 73.1% (95% CI 52.2&amp;ndash; 88.4%) and 97.6% (95% CI 95.5&amp;ndash; 98.9%) while the positive and negative predictive values were 67.9% (95% CI 51.5&amp;ndash; 80.8%) and 98.1% (95% CI 96.5&amp;ndash; 99.0%), respectively.Conclusion: The findings suggest good diagnostic accuracy for saliva and feasibility of utilization of specimen without transport media for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Saliva represents a potential specimen of choice in community settings and population-based screening.Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, nasopharyngeal swab, molecular test, population-based screening, saliva</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>saliva, SARS-CoV-2, nasopharyngeal swab, Molecular test, population-based screening</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A New Index for Measuring Uncertainty Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic</text>
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                <text>Afees  A. Salisu, Ahamuefula  E. Ogbonna, Tirimisiyu  F. Oloko, Idris  A. Adediran</text>
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                <text>This study contributes to the emerging literature offering alternative measures of uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We combine both news-and macro-based trends to construct an index. The former involves the use of Google trends with plausible variants of words used to capture the pandemic, which are combined using principal components analysis to develop a news-based index. For the macro-based index, we identify global factors such as oil price, stock price, Dollar index, commodity index and gold price, and thereafter we obtain the macro-based uncertainty using variants of stochastic volatility models estimated with Bayesian techniques and using a dynamic factor model. Consequently, the new (composite) index is constructed by combining the news- and macro-based indexes using principal components analysis. Our empirical applications of the index to the stock return predictability of the countries hit worst by the pandemic confirm the superiority of the composite index over the existing news-based index in both the in-sample and out-of-sample forecast horizons. Our results are also robust to forecast horizons and competing model choices.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>Uncertainty, covid-19 pandemic, heterogeneous panel, common correlated effects</text>
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                <text>10.3390/su13063212</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54862">
                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>THE STUDENTS’ EYESIGHT: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEARNING-BASED APPLICATIONS ON ELT IN PANDEMIC ERA</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Andi Bulkis Maghfirah Mannong</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The emergence of the Covid-19 has given a significant effect that inflicted policy changes in various sectors, including in the education field. The most basic policy is changing the students’ way to learn from what is usually done in the classroom (face to face) to online learning. As this condition, the implementation of learning-based applications has a necessary role in supporting online learning, includes English Language Teaching (ELT). This study aimed to analyze the students’ experience in utilizing learning-based applications in learning English and the barriers faced by them. As for some of the applications most commonly used are Zoom, Google Meet, Google Classroom, and WhatsApp. Besides, this study was also conducted to determine which application is the most effective used in ELT during online learning. This research used descriptive quantitative, where the sample was the seventh-semester students in the English department at one of the private universities in Makassar. The data was collected used questionnaire and the data analysis technique used descriptive statistics. The result of this study showed that the use of those four applications helped the students to adapt to the pandemic condition. Besides helping students to learn English virtually, it also improves the students’ digital literacy. Although, there were some obstacles in utilizing some applications faced by them, such as limited quota, unstable network, complicated in use, and not focus during the learning process. Among the four applications above, the most effective application based on the students’ response was Whatsapp. This application helps the students to develop their language proficiency through natural interaction. Moreover, it makes the students easier in learning English as the delivery of material is systematic and structured. Students also have more time to understand the material by rereading the material that has been delivered.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>covid-19, effectiveness, google classroom, whatsApp, Zoom, ELT, the students’ eyesight, google meet</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>10.24252/Eternal.V62.2020.A14</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54869">
                <text>Eternal (English, Teaching, Learning &amp; Research Journal)</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54870">
                <text>Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Alauddin Makassar</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>English language</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Impact of Information Quality on Customer Perceived Value, Experience Quality, and Customer Satisfaction from Using GoFood Aplication</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54873">
                <text>Tundung Subali Patma, Nilawati Fienaningsih, Karisma Sri Rahayu, I Gusti Lanang Suta Artatanaya</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Introduction/Main Objectives: The existence of technological advances in online transportation provides benefits to the community, and especially for the culinary industry; consumers no longer have to go to restaurants to buy food; it can be ordered through the Gojek application. The Gojek application makes it easy for people to buy food online. Various items of information about the restaurant are provided by Gojek’s online transportation service application. Background Problems: The government's appeal regarding COVID-19 requires people to stay at home, to support social distancing. Many activities must now be carried out at home, including eating. Along with the technological developments, people do not need to worry about staying at home because everything can be done from the home, with the GoFood application's support. Novelty: This study aims to determine and prove the effect of information quality on experience quality and customer perceived value, as well as satisfaction, from using the GoFood application in Malang City. This research is an update of the information gathered previously during the pandemic, which can be used as a reference for determining marketing strategies. Research Methods: This type of research is explanatory research through a quantitative approach, by conducting a direct survey of the application’s users, by using an online questionnaire. The research sample consists of 380 respondents. The sampling technique of this study was purposive sampling with the criteria that the Gojek application’s users had made purchases the application at least one times, and were aged 18 years and over, so the perceptions given would be quite clear and independent. Finding/Results: The results show that information quality has a positive and significant effect on experience quality, customer perceived value and customer satisfaction; experience quality has a positive and significant effect on customer perceived value; and customer perceived value has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Conclusion: This study reveals that the quality of the experience has a positive but insignificant effect on customer satisfaction. The result is a new finding from this study because there are differences in the previous studies' relationships between the variables. This study contributes that the stay-at-home appeal could increase the use of online applications to carry out activities.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54875">
                <text>2021</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>customer satisfaction, information quality, experience quality, customer perceive value</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54877">
                <text>10.22146/jieb.59810</text>
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                <text>Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business</text>
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                <text>Universitas Gadjah Mada</text>
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                <text>Fatema-Tuz-Zohra Khanam, Loris  A. Chahl, Jaswant  S. Chahl, Ali Al-Naji, Asanka  G. Perera, Danyi Wang, Y.  H. Lee, Titilayo  T. Ogunwa, Samuel Teague, Tran  Xuan Bach Nguyen, Timothy  D. McIntyre, Simon  P. Pegoli, Yiting Tao, John  L. McGuire, Jasmine Huynh, Javaan Chahl</text>
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                <text>The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. We review and reduce the clinical literature on diagnosis of COVID-19 through symptoms that might be remotely detected as of early May 2020. Vital signs associated with respiratory distress and fever, coughing, and visible infections have been reported. Fever screening by temperature monitoring is currently popular. However, improved noncontact detection is sought. Vital signs including heart rate and respiratory rate are affected by the condition. Cough, fatigue, and visible infections are also reported as common symptoms. There are non-contact methods for measuring vital signs remotely that have been shown to have acceptable accuracy, reliability, and practicality in some settings. Each has its pros and cons and may perform well in some challenges but be inadequate in others. Our review shows that visible spectrum and thermal spectrum cameras offer the best options for truly noncontact sensing of those studied to date, thermal cameras due to their potential to measure all likely symptoms on a single camera, especially temperature, and video cameras due to their availability, cost, adaptability, and compatibility. Substantial supply chain disruptions during the pandemic and the widespread nature of the problem means that cost-effectiveness and availability are important considerations.</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Electronic computers. Computer science, Photography</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 Lockdown Effect on the Intention to Purchase Sustainable Brands</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Lidia Alexa, Andreea Apetrei, Juan Sapena</text>
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                <text>After the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020, almost all European countries entered a lockdown. This context caused sudden changes at multiple levels, affecting the way people were working, buying, studying and even the way they were interacting. Moreover, during lockdown people showed a special attention to local and sustainable brands giving momentum to the interest on sustainability, that has been increasing in the last years. Therefore, this study aims to determine the intention of buying sustainable and local brands due to the COVID-19 lockdown. An online survey was conducted for two groups of young adults from Spain and Romania, between April and June 2020. The questionnaire respects the methodological recommendations of Azjen (1985) and related literature on how to construct a survey based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and it aims to gather information about the three main constructs that determine the individual’s behavioral intention: attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. The results suggest that both Spanish and Romanian samples intended to buy more local and sustainable brands, despite the slightly different attitudes. Moreover, the data show that both subjective norms and perceived behavioral control influence attitudes toward sustainable and local brands, and hence, indirectly the intention to buy sustainable products. The outcomes are adding to the literature on sustainability, and understanding the effects of COVID-19 on consumer behavior. Additionally, the results can help better understand the importance of sustainability in Spain and Romania, and therefore, offering support to practitioners in building policies and programs that encourage a sustainable lifestyle.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>covid-19, sustainability, Theory of Planned Behavior, structural equation modeling, purchase intention</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54895">
                <text>10.3390/su13063241</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54896">
                <text>Biotemas</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54897">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54898">
                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54899">
                <text>O papel das audiências de custódia e a atuação da Defensoria Pública no controle da violência policial e na redução do encarceramento imoderado, sobretudo em tempos de pandemia</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Marina de Carvalho Freitas</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A instituição das audiências de custódia (também conhecida como audiência de apresentação) representou um grande avanço no tocante ao necessário controle da violência policial comumente praticada contra as zonas sociais marginalizadas. No ano de 2015, o STF, em julgamento histórico, ao reconhecer que o sistema carcerário passa pelo Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional, determinou a imediata realização de audiências de custódia em todo o país, a fim de mitigar o superencarceramento e também na tentativa de afastar as prisões desnecessárias. Assim, a Defensoria Pública não só acompanhou esse avanço, mas também se mostra como instituição essencial no controle da violência policial e prisões provisórias desnecessárias, sobretudo em tempos de pandemia do COVID-19.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54903">
                <text>covid-19, pandemia, Defensoria Pública, violência policial, Audiência de custódia, defensoria pública do distrito federal</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Revista da Defensoria Pública do Distrito Federal</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54905">
                <text>Defensoria Pública do Distrito Federal</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54906">
                <text>Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence</text>
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  <item itemId="6167" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The Use of Social Media and Its Impact on Shopping Behavior of Slovak and Italian Consumers during COVID-19 Pandemic</text>
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                <text>Viktória Ali Taha, Tonino Pencarelli, Veronika Škerháková, Richard Fedorko, Martina Košíková</text>
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                <text>The coronavirus crisis hit the world and affected all aspects of our lives, including consumers’ habits, preferences, and shopping behaviors. The survey, which involved 937 respondents from two countries, examined how the pandemic affected shopping behavior and consumer preferences in Italy and Slovakia. This paper aims to explore the impact of social media on consumer behavior, more specifically, it examines the influence of social media on the preference of specific e-shops during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to determine a statistically significant relationship between the variables and the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis H test to assess the significance of differences between respondents in terms of demographic characteristics (residence, age, and gender). The results revealed the existence of statistically significant differences in the use of social media during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of various demographic factors as well as a relatively weak relationship between the social media used and the purchase in the e-shop promoted on the social media.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>social media, consumer behavior, COVID-19 pandemic and online shopping</text>
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                <text>10.3390/su13041710</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54913">
                <text>Biotemas</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54914">
                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54915">
                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Diagnostic Tests and Clinical, Laboratory and Radiological Charactersitics of COVID-19 in Pregnant Women: A Review</text>
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                <text>Sedigheh Hasani Moghadam, Abbas Alipour, Saeid AbedianKenari, Soghra khani</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The emerging Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease and the definitive gold standard for itsdiagnosis in pregnancy has not yet been established. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aimof reviewing the diagnostic methods and clinical, laboratory and radiological symptoms of COVID-19 diseasein pregnant women. The present study is a Narrative review. To do so, the keywords were searchedin the Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, WHO databases from April 1, 2020to May 9, 2020. 34 articles were obtained and finally 6 articles were used to write this study. Evidencerelated to the purpose of this study was identified in three categories. The first category examines clinicalfindings (fever and cough), the second category examines laboratory findings (leukocytosis and lymphopenia),and a third category examines chest radiographic findings (Pure ground-glass opacity). Sinceinfection is one of the most important causes of death in pregnant women and is one of the preventableand controllable factors, so by identifying the correct diagnostic methods of this infection, at-risk pregnantwomen will be identified and Prevent the consequences of this infection.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54919">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54920">
                <text>clinical characteristics, Pregnancy, covid-19 diagnostic testing, radiological characteristics, laboratory characteristics</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54921">
                <text>10.32598/JQUMS.24.2.2392.1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54922">
                <text>The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54923">
                <text>Qazvin University of Medical Sciences &amp; Health Services</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54924">
                <text>Medicine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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        <src>https://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/7fbbbd158de4fde8b9ce604f96abe286.pdf</src>
        <authentication>26d2fef2a775defd937c08ee6b0f92eb</authentication>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
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    </collection>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Delayed Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema in Covid-19 Patients: Two Case Reports</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54926">
                <text>Mahnaz Moradi, Leili YekeFallah, Mahyar Sedighi, Fateme Ghapanvari, Peyman Namdar</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54927">
                <text>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory disease initiated on December 2019. Genomesequence analysis shows that the pathogen is a complex beta-coronavirus RNA, known as SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum andpneumothorax are rare clinical and radiological conditions associated with COVID-19. This study is casereport of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in two patients with COVID-19, whileinvestigating the clinical and paraclinical symptoms and the treatment process of two cases. Findingfactors related to the severity of COVID-19 for improving the final outcome in patients is very important.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54928">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54929">
                <text>Coronavirus disease 2019, Pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, spontaneous pneumomediastinum</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54930">
                <text>10.32598/JQUMS.24.2.433.8</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54931">
                <text>The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54932">
                <text>Qazvin University of Medical Sciences &amp; Health Services</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="54933">
                <text>Medicine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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