Greening in Family Agriculture, Fairs and Crafts in the Central Part of Rio Grande do Sul
Agricultura Familiar, Feiras, ecologização, região central do rs
Greening’s perspective in family agriculture has gained importance in the past few decades. Through the recovery of artisanal producing practices and common knowledge, now seen in the optics of greening, the products from family agriculture have been gaining space and conquering consumers. This paper reflects on the process of transitioning to the agroecological agriculture between family farmers and settlers in the central region of RS and about the experiences found in colonial and agroecological fairs as social spaces where social transactions of products and signs have been taking places between consumers and producers. These fairs are being treated as spaces of realization of producers and products. In these fairs, farmers are treated as the main subjects and are recognized as such by their communities and the produced goods make their way to their final destination: conscious buying and consumption.
Everton Lazzaretti Picolotto, Cristina Bremm
https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/politica/article/view/49349
Social sciences (General), Political institutions and public administration (General)
Greenpeace com a actor internacional. La campanya de la Mediterrània
Greenpeace, Mediterráneo, ONG, ecología, medio ambiente, sistema internacional
Greenpeace és una de les ONG més destacades pel seu paper rellevant en l’escenari internacional. Autofinançada, políticament independent i hàbil per atreure amb les seves acciones els mitjans de comunicació, ha esdevingut la gran defensora del medi ambient. En l’article s’analitza el seu paper com a actor internacional i les seves actuacions concretes en la campanya del Mediterrani.
https://papers.uab.cat/article/view/1789
Gregory Bateson, un antropólogo transatlántico e interdisciplinario
Estructura social, antropología psiquiátrica, antropología social británica, cultura, ecología, historia de antropología social
El texto ofrece una semblanza del antropólogo británico Gregory Bateson en el contexto del desarrollo histórico de la antropología social y cultural. Gregory Bateson es un antropólogo de gran importancia a nivel mundial, pero es poco conocido en América Latina (o en el mundo hispanohablante en general). Este trabajo pone énfasis en sus contribuciones al método de trabajo de campo y a algunas de las especialidades antropológicas, tales como la antropología psiquiátrica, pero se llama la atención en particular en el carácter interdisciplinario de su antropología. También se hace mención al hecho de que, a diferencia de la corriente dominante en la antropología social británica, insistió en hacer uso del concepto de cultura" y relacionarlo con el concepto principal de la antropología social británica: "estructura social"."
Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico
Grim situation of the world due to COVID19: economic perspective
aggregate demand, aggregate supply shock, COVID-19, Informal Economy, joint analysis of fiscal and monetary policy, Unemployment
Besides human death economic catastrophe, which has already been started around the world due to COVID19, a question arises how to tackle the devastating nature of this pandemic. The study is basically done based on secondary sources. Time period of the study was up to April 6, 2020. The study tried to get a conceptual view for time demanding collaborative effort among the global arena so that this pandemic cannot make long-lasting devastating impact on global economy. The study also did a small opinion poll survey by email/cell phone, land phone, and personally asking by maintaining social distance among 108 respondents considering three segments of the income strata of the people in Bangladesh. Based on the respondents replies, Figure 2 was drawn, which is shown in Appendix.
Ground Moving Target Imaging and Analysis for Near-Space Hypersonic Vehicle-Borne Synthetic Aperture Radar System with Squint Angle
near-space hypersonic vehicle, synthetic aperture radar, ground moving target imaging, squint angle, Doppler centre blur, Doppler spectrum ambiguity, curvilinear trajectory
Near space is the key to integrating “sky„ and “space„ into the future. A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that works in this area would initiate a technological revolution for remote sensing applications. This study mainly focused on ground moving target imaging (GMTIm) for a near-space hypersonic vehicle-borne SAR (NS-HSV-SAR) with squint angle. The range history, parameter coupling, and Doppler ambiguity of the squint-looking NS-HSV-SAR are more complicated than traditional side-looking airborne or space-borne SARs. Thus, a precise range model is presented on the basis of phase error analyses. Then, all potential distributions of echo’s azimuth spectrum are derived, and a GMTIm method is proposed on the basis of a detailed analysis of the echo characteristics. The proposed method consists of three steps. Firstly, a prior information-based pre-processing function was created to decrease the Doppler ambiguity and range migration effects. Secondly, a blur matched keystone transform was developed to correct the residual range walk migration. Thirdly, a time-saving chirp Fourier transform was investigated for azimuth focusing. Implementation considerations, including the curvilinear trajectory of the NS-HSV-SAR, multiple moving target imaging, and applicability and limitation of the method, are discussed. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Zhanye Chen, Yu Zhou, Linrang Zhang, Chun-Hui Lin, Yan Huang, Shiyang Tang
Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric NO2 and HCHO During COVID-19 Lockdown and Spring Festival Over Shanghai, China
remote sensing, NO2, spring festival, MAX-DOAS, HCHO
Reduced mobility and less anthropogenic activity under special case circumstances over various parts of the world have pronounced effects on air quality. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of reduced anthropogenic activity on air quality in the mega city of Shanghai, China. Observations from the highly sophisticated multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscope (MAX-DOAS) instrument were used for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) column densities. In situ measurements for NO2, ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM2.5) and the air quality index (AQI) were also used. The concentration of trace gases in the atmosphere reduces significantly during annual Spring Festival holidays, whereby mobility is reduced and anthropogenic activities come to a halt. The COVID-19 lockdown during 2020 resulted in a considerable drop in vertical column densities (VCDs) of HCHO and NO2 during lockdown Level-1, which refers to strict lockdown, i.e., strict measures taken to reduce mobility (43% for NO2; 24% for HCHO), and lockdown Level-2, which refers to relaxed lockdown, i.e., when the mobility restrictions were relaxed somehow (20% for NO2; 22% for HCHO), compared with pre-lockdown days, as measured by the MAX-DOAS instrument. However, for 2019, a reduction in VCDs was found only during Level-1 (24% for NO2; 6.62% for HCHO), when the Spring Festival happened. The weekly cycle for NO2 and HCHO depicts no significant effect of weekends on the lockdown. After the start of the Spring Festival, the VCDs of NO2 and HCHO showed a decline for 2019 as well as 2020. Backward trajectories calculated using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model indicated more air masses coming from the sea after the Spring Festival for 2019 and 2020, implying that a low pollutant load was carried by them. No impact of anthropogenic activity was found on O3 concentration. The results indicate that the ratio of HCHO to NO2 (RFN) fell in the volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited regime.
Muhammad Bilal, Aimon Tanvir, Zeeshan Javed, Zhu Jian, Sanbao Zhang, Ruibin Xue, Shanshan Wang, Zhou Bin
Group C Betacoronavirus in Bat Guano Fertilizer, Thailand
coronavirus, betacoronavirus, bat guano fertilizer, insectivorous bat, Thailand, Viruses
Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Chirapol Sintunawa, Thongchai Kaewpom, Kritsada Khongnomnan, Kevin J Olival, Jonathan H. Epstein, Apaporn Rodpan, Paiboon Sangsri, Nirun Intarut, Ariya Chindamporn, Kanyarat Suksawa, Thiravat Hemachudha
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine
Group Testing-Based Robust Algorithm for Diagnosis of COVID-19
diagnosis, Robust algorithm, posterior probability, Group Testing, COVID-19
At the time of writing, the COVID-19 infection is spreading rapidly. Currently, there is no vaccine or treatment, and researchers around the world are attempting to fight the infection. In this paper, we consider a diagnosis method for COVID-19, which is characterized by a very rapid rate of infection and is widespread. A possible method for avoiding severe infections is to stop the spread of the infection in advance by the prompt and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. To this end, we exploit a group testing (GT) scheme, which is used to find a small set of confirmed cases out of a large population. For the accurate detection of false positives and negatives, we propose a robust algorithm (RA) based on the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP). The key idea of the proposed RA is to exploit iterative detection to propagate beliefs to neighbor nodes by exchanging marginal probabilities between input and output nodes. As a result, we show that our proposed RA provides the benefit of being robust against noise in the GT schemes. In addition, we demonstrate the performance of our proposal with a number of tests and successfully find a set of infected samples in both noiseless and noisy GT schemes with different COVID-19 incidence rates.
covid-19, Diagnosis, group testing, Robust algorithm, posterior probability
Growing and Eating Food during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Farmers’ Perspectives on Local Food System Resilience to Shocks in Southern Africa and Indonesia
Pandemic, Small Scale farmers, covid-19, local food systems, lockdown, resilience
The COVID-19 outbreak forced governments to make decisions that had adverse effects on local food systems and supply chains. As a result, many small-scale food producers faced difficulties growing, harvesting, and selling their goods. This participatory research examines local small-scale farmers’ challenges as farmers but also as consumers and their coping strategies during the month of April and one week in June 2020. The study was initiated and conceptualized in collaboration with small-scale farmer members of an existing research network in selected urban and rural areas in South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Indonesia. Participants co-designed the research, collected and uploaded data through digital survey tools, and contributed to data analysis and interpretation. A common observation across regions is that the measures imposed in response to COVID-19 highlighted and partly exacerbated existing socio-economic inequalities among food system actors. Strict lockdowns in Cape Town, South Africa, and Masvingo, Zimbabwe, significantly restricted the production capacity of small-scale farmers in the informal economy and created more food insecurity for them. In Maputo, Mozambique, and Toraja and Java, Indonesia, local food systems continued to operate and were even strengthened by higher social capital and adaptive capacities.
Nicole Paganini, Kustiwa Adinata, Nomonde Buthelezi, David Harris, Stefanie Lemke, Alberto Luis, Jennifer Koppelin, Abdulrazak Karriem, Fezile Ncube, Enzo Nervi Aguirre, Tandu Ramba, Inês Raimundo, Nedim Sulejmanović, Haidee Swanby, Daniel Tevera, Silke Stöber
Environmental sciences, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources