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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>A reforma agrária no segundo mandato de Fernando Henrique Cardoso</text>
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                <text>José de Souza Martins</text>
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                <text>Já no primeiro mandato do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso, a política agrária sofreu reorientações significativas, que marcariam seu segundo mandato, a partir da nomeação de Raul Jungmann como ministro do Desenvolvimento Agrário. A reforma agrária finalmente encontrou o seu sujeito, a agricultura familiar, e o Estado encontrou a sua missão agrária como gestor do território. Foram assim estabelecidas as bases concretas para o exercício da função social da propriedade, recuperando o Estado, na prática, o domínio eminente do território do país. Importante providência nesse sentido foi a anulação dos títulos irregulares de propriedade de sessenta milhões de hectares de terra. O governo firmou a prerrogativa do Estado de 'rotinizar' a redistribuição da terra concentrada e regular e assegurar o direito de propriedade em associação com a dupla alternativa de dois modelos agrícolas conviventes: o agronegócio e a agricultura familiar.During Fernando Henrique Cardoso's first term in office, the agrarian policy underwent significant changes that marked his second term, as of when Raul Jungmann was appointed Minister of Agricultural Development. Agrarian reform finally encountered its subject, subsistence crop farming, and the State found its agrarian mission as manager of the territory. Thus, the concrete foundations for the exercise of the social function of landownership were established, and the State recovered, in practice, the eminent domination of the country's territory. One of the important provisions was the annulment of irregular land deeds regarding 60 million hectares. The government determined it to be the prerogative of the State to make routine redistribution of concentrated land and to regulate and assure landownership rights associated to the double alternatives of two cohabitating agricultural models: agro-business and subsistence farming.</text>
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                <text>2003</text>
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                <text>Agricultura Familiar, CATHOLIC CHURCH, Igreja Católica, Reforma agrária, agrarian policy, social unrest, subsistence farming, tensões sociais</text>
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                <text>10.1590/S0103-20702003000200006</text>
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                <text>Tempo Social</text>
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                <text>Universidade de São Paulo</text>
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                <text>Sociology (General)</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>A abordagem territorial do desenvolvimento rural-mudança institucional ou 'inovação por adição'?</text>
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                <text>Arilson Favareto</text>
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                <text>Assim como para os anos 1990 a emergência da noção 'agricultura familiar' foi um traço marcante, tanto no debate acadêmico como no campo das políticas públicas, o mesmo acontece na presente década com a chamada 'abordagem territorial' do desenvolvimento rural. Os significados dessa nova maneira de conceber os destinos do espaço rural e as políticas a ele destinadas têm sido explorados em trabalhos de diferentes autores. Neste artigo, pretende-se iluminar um aspecto ainda pouco tratado e que consiste em saber se os moldes em que a disseminação dessa abordagem vem se dando significa um processo de mudança, ou se, diferentemente disso, trata-se de mais um processo em que os termos são incorporados ao vocabulário dos agentes sem a criação de novas instituições capazes de sustentá-la. Essa segunda perspectiva é a que informa a hipótese que guia a exposição e pode ser resumida na afirmação de que a tal movimento corresponde uma 'inovação por adição', na qual pesam elementos típicos daquilo que parte da literatura chama de 'path dependence' ('dependência de caminho'). O artigo faz um breve resgate de como tal abordagem é incorporada no âmbito dos organismos multilaterais dando origem à 'nova visão do desenvolvimento rural' e de como, posteriormente, ela é incorporada no rol de políticas para o rural em países da América Latina. Sob o ângulo teórico, o artigo discute ainda os limites da explicação da mudança pela nova economia institucional, mostrando o que se poderia chamar de 'embeddedness da dependência de caminho'.While the rise of the category 'family farming' was a feature in the 90´s for academic debate and for public policies, the same happens at the present decade with the so called 'territorial approach' to rural development. The meanings of this new way to conceive the destiny of rural spaces and the policies to rural development have been studied by different authors. This article aims at to broach one aspect less emphasized in the literature: to know if the adoption of such approach is a process of institutional change or a process of simple addition of a new term to the vocabulary of planners, without the creation of new institutions capable to support an actual new conception. This second perspective offers the content to our hypothesis and it can be summarized by the following statement: the introduction of the 'territorial approach' is an innovation added to the institutional environment of public policies in a typical process of path dependence, with the remaining of some elements concerning the old vision of rural development. The article brings a brief history of how such approach is adopted by multilateral organizations originating the 'new vision to rural development' and how this 'new vision' is transformed when adopted by Latin-American countries. Under a theoretical point of view, the article discusses the limits of the explaining about institutional change provided by the new institutional economics, offering an alternative vision based on the idea of embeddedness of institutional change.</text>
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                <text>2010</text>
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                <text>Desenvolvimento Territorial, Mudança institucional, desenvolvimento rural, institutional change, rural development, territorial development</text>
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                <text>Estudos Avançados</text>
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                <text>Universidade de São Paulo</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Tamanho de amostra para avaliação de caracteres de cenoura em sistemas de cultivo agroecológico Sample size for evaluation of carrot traits in agroecologic cultivation systems</text>
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                <text>Giovani Olegário da Silva, Jairo V Vieira, Michelle S Villela</text>
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                <text>O correto dimensionamento de experimentos deve ser utilizado para que se possa reduzir o erro experimental e com isso, maximizar a precisão das informações obtidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o número mínimo de famílias e de plantas por parcela para avaliação de caracteres de raiz em uma população de cenoura cultivada em sistema agroecológico. Os ensaios foram conduzidos no verão de 2006/2007 em duas propriedades com cultivo agroecológico em Brasília: Associação Mokiti Okada, que segue modelo de Agricultura Natural em Brazlândia-DF e Núcleo Rural Taguatinga, seguindo modelo de Agricultura Orgânica em Taguatinga-DF. Foram avaliadas 100 famílias de meio-irmãos de cenoura dispostas em delineamento de blocos casualizados com duas repetições e parcelas de 1 m². Foram colhidas 20 plantas competitivas por parcela e avaliadas individualmente para os caracteres comprimento de raiz, diâmetro da raiz, massa da raiz, diâmetro do xilema da raiz, relação diâmetro do xilema/diâmetro da raiz, tipo de ponta da raiz, tipo de ombro da raiz, parâmetro a* para os tecidos xilema e floema. Foi realizada análise de variância conjunta e para cada sistema, com informação entre e dentro de parcelas. Foram realizadas ainda análises de representatividade do número mínimo de famílias e de plantas para representar uma população de cenoura. Foi verificado que uma amostra de 18 plantas competitivas/parcela coletadas em ensaios com 2 repetições, bem como de 74 famílias, são suficientes para garantir uma adequada avaliação de famílias meio-irmãos de cenoura para os caracteres estudados.The correct experiment design should be used to reduce the experimental error and, with that, maximize the precision of the information obtained. The objective of this work was to estimate the minimum number of families and of plants per plot for evaluation of root traits in a carrot population cultivated in agroecologic systems. The essays were conducted in the summer of 2006/2007 in two agroecologic properties in Brasília: 'Associação Mokiti Okada', which follows model of Natural Agriculture in Brazlândia and 'Núcleo Rural Taguatinga', following model of Organic Agriculture in Taguatinga, Brazil. We evaluated 100 half-sib families of carrot arranged in randomized block design with two replications and plots of 1 m². Twenty competitive plants per plot were harvested and individually evaluated for the traits: root length, root diameter, root mass, root xylem diameter, relationship of xylem diameter/root diameter, type of root tip, type of root shoulder, parameter a* of root xylem and phloem. Joint variance analysis of the group and of each system, were performed with information between and inside plots. Analyses of representativity minimum number of families and of plants to represent a carrot population were performed. A sample of 18 plants competitive/plot collected in essays with 2 replications, as well as 74 families, are enough to guarantee an appropriate evaluation of carrot half-sib families for the traits studied.</text>
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                <text>2009</text>
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                <text>Daucus carota L, minimun number of families, minimun number of plants, número mínimo de famílias, número mínimo de plantas, simulation, simulação</text>
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                <text>10.1590/S0102-05362009000200008</text>
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                <text>Horticultura Brasileira</text>
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                <text>Associação Brasileira de Olericultura</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Plant culture</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241541">
                <text>Uma tipologia dos estabelecimentos agropecuários do Brasil a partir do censo de 2006</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241542">
                <text>Angela Antonia Kageyama, Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereia Bergamasco, Julieta Teresa Aier de Oliveira</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241543">
                <text>Baseando-se na composição da mão de obra utilizada, medida a partir do número de pessoas e do tempo de trabalho no ano, os estabelecimentos agropecuários foram agrupados em quatro categorias: assentado, exclusivamente familiar, familiar com contratado, não familiar. Os estabelecimentos de 'assentados' são em quase sua totalidade estabelecimentos familiares; os 'exclusivamente familiares' são estabelecimentos conduzidos pelo produtor exclusivamente com mão de obra familiar (pessoas com laço de parentesco com o produtor, sem pessoal contratado); os 'familiares com contratados' utilizam pessoas da família e pessoal contratado, porém a mão de obra familiar supera a dos contratados; os estabelecimentos 'não familiares' incluem os que operam somente com trabalho contratado e aqueles em que a força de trabalho contratada supera a dos membros da família do produtor. Foram analisadas as características de área, valor da produção, produtividade e fontes de receitas. Os estabelecimentos familiares são predominantes (90%) e abrigam 80% das pessoas ocupadas na agricultura, mas geram somente 50% do valor produzido. A concentração fundiária dentro das categorias familiares é tão elevada quanto nos estabelecimentos não familiares. No Brasil, apenas 16% da desigualdade da distribuição da terra se deve à desigualdade entre as categorias analisadas; os 84% restantes devem-se à desigualdade dentro dos grupos.A classification of farms in four types is proposed, according to the composition of the labour force employed: exclusively family farm; land reform settlement ('assentado'); family farm with hired labour; non-family farm. Exclusively family farms are run by the owner and employ exclusively family labour; land reform settlements are also mostly family-run units; mixed family farms are run by the owner and employ predominantly family labour, complemented by hired labour; non-family farms depend mostly on hired labour, with or without the help of the owner's family. Aspects such as area, gross production value, productivity and revenues are analysed. One of the main results is that the family units are largely predominant in number (90% of the total) and employ 80% of the labour force in the agricultural sector, although they contribute with only 50% of the gross production, in virtue of lower productivity. Inequality in land distribution within the groups is extremely high, even among family farms. In Brazil, only 16% of the total inequality of land distribution is due to the inequality between the four categories of farms, while 84% originate from the inequality within groups.</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241544">
                <text>2013</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241545">
                <text>Agricultura Familiar, Assentamento Rural, Family farming, labour force, land reform settlement, mão de obra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241546">
                <text>Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241547">
                <text>Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241548">
                <text>Agriculture (General)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241549">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0103-20032013000100006" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0103-20032013000100006&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241532">
                <text>Três gerações de políticas públicas para a agricultura familiar e formas de interação entre sociedade e estado no Brasil</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241533">
                <text>Catia Grisa, Sergio Schneider</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241534">
                <text>Este artigo analisa a trajetória de construção de políticas públicas para a agricultura familiar no Brasil, procurando enfatizar as 'gerações' ou referenciais de políticas públicas fortalecidos em alguns momentos-chaves, o modo como estes referenciais foram construídos e as relações entre Estado e sociedade civil. A análise aponta para a emergência, em períodos e contextos distintos, de três gerações ou referenciais de política pública para a agricultura familiar, sendo o primeiro pautado pelo fortalecimento do viés agrícola e agrário da categoria social; o segundo focado em políticas sociais e assistenciais e o terceiro, pela construção de mercados orientados pela segurança alimentar e pela sustentabilidade ambiental. Nesta análise também é destacado que as relações entre Estado e sociedade civil modificaram-se e complexificaram-se ao longo do tempo. De posturas críticas e reivindicativas, a sociedade civil passou a ser propositiva e, mais recentemente, também parceira na execução e cogestão das políticas públicas. Cabe destacar que as três gerações de políticas públicas e as diversas formas de relacionamento entre sociedade civil e Estado convivem atualmente nas arenas públicas.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241535">
                <text>2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241536">
                <text>Agricultura Familiar, Políticas Públicas, referencial, sociedade civil e Estado</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241537">
                <text>Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241538">
                <text>Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241539">
                <text>Agriculture (General)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241540">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0103-20032014000600007&amp;amp;lng=en&amp;amp;tlng=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0103-20032014000600007&amp;amp;lng=en&amp;amp;tlng=en&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241522">
                <text>Analizando las posibles aplicaciones de los drones y los satélites en la enseñanza de Fisiología Vegetal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241523">
                <text>Vanessa Martos Núñez, Ali Ahmad, Belén García del Moral Garrido</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241524">
                <text>Resumen: El año 2021 ha sido marcado oficialmente como el inicio de la era de la 'Industria 5.0' por la Comisión Europea. Esta quinta revolución tecnológica puede revolucionar la industria agrícola al a) facilitar la integración de nuevas tecnologías b) mejorar la eficiencia de las operaciones agrícolas. En este sentido, los drones y los satélites son dos de las muchas tecnologías previstas, ya que están allanando el camino hacia una agricultura sostenible y de precisión: añadiendo así un valor sustancial a la adquisición de datos de los cultivos, ideando simulaciones de rendimiento, prediciendo los períodos de cosecha y de riego, erradicando los obstáculos de los datos metrológicos, etc. Las continuas mejoras técnicas y pragmáticas de ambas, a lo largo de las tres últimas décadas, han contribuido considerablemente a la madurez de estas tecnologías, anticipando así su eficaz integración en la agricultura. Sus aplicaciones se resumen en la tabla 1. Dada la gran importancia de estas tecnologías novedosas y proactivas, es indispensable educar y reforzar a los estudiantes para que aprovechen al máximo el potencial de la agricultura actual, garantizando así la sostenibilidad.Abstract: The year 2021 has been officially marked as the beginning of the era of “Industry 5.0” by the European Commission. This 5th technological revolution can revolutionize the agricultural industry by a) facilitating the integration of novel technologies b) enhancing the efficiency of agricultural operations. In this regard, drones and satellites are two of the many anticipated technologies, as they are paving the way towards a sustainable and precision farming: thereby adding a substantial value to crop data acquisition, devising yield simulations, predicting the harvesting and irrigation periods, eradicating the metrological data hindrances etc. The continuous technical and pragmatic improvements of the two, over the past three decades, have considerably contributed towards the maturity of these technologies, thus anticipating their efficient integration into agriculture. Their applications are summarized in Table 1. Given the significant importance of these sustainably proactive and novel technologies, it is indispensable to educate and reinforce the students, to maximize the potential of today´s agriculture: thereby ensuring sustainability.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241525">
                <text>2022</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241526">
                <text>Agricultura 4.0, agriculture 4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241527">
                <text>10.30827/Digibug.72480</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241528">
                <text>ReiDoCrea</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241529">
                <text>Universidad de Granada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241530">
                <text>Theory and practice of education</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241531">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.ugr.es/~reidocrea/11-8.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.ugr.es/~reidocrea/11-8.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241514">
                <text>Biological Control of Charcoal Rot in Peanut Crop through Strains of Trichoderma spp., in Puebla, Mexico.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241515">
                <text>Omar Romero-Arenas, Conrado Parraguirre Lezama, Saira Jazmín Martínez-Salgado, Petra Andrade-Hoyos, Antonio Rivera-Tapia, Alfonso Luna-Cruz</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241516">
                <text>Charcoal rot is an emerging disease for peanut crops caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. In Mexico, peanut crop represents an important productive activity for various rural areas; however, charcoal rot affects producers economically. The objectives of this research were: (a) to identify and morphologically characterize the strain 'PUE 4.0' associated with charcoal rot of peanut crops from Buenavista de Benito Juárez, belonging to the municipality of Chietla in Puebla, Mexico; (b) determine the in vitro and in vivo antagonist activity of five Trichoderma species on M. phaseolina, and (c) determine the effect of the incidence of the disease on peanut production in the field. Vegetable tissue samples were collected from peanut crops in Puebla, Mexico with the presence of symptoms of charcoal rot at the stem and root level. The 'PUE 4.0' strain presented 100% identity with M. phaseolina, the cause of charcoal rot in peanut crops from Buenavista de Benito Juárez. T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed the highest development rate, the best growth speed, and the highest percentage of radial growth inhibition (PIRG) over M. phaseolina (71.11%) under in vitro conditions, in addition, T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed higher production (1.60 ± 0.01 t/ha-1) and lower incidence of charcoal rot under field conditions. The lowest production with the highest incidence of the disease occurred in plants inoculated only with M. phaseolina (0.67 ± 0.01 t/ha-1) where elongated reddish-brown lesions were observed that covered 40% of the total surface of the main root.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241517">
                <text>2021</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241518">
                <text>Charcoal rot, Production, biological control, incidence of the disease, percentage of radial growth inhibition (PIRG)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241519">
                <text>10.3390/plants10122630</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241520">
                <text>Plants (Basel, Switzerland)</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241521">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34961101" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34961101&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Quantificação de erosão em sistemas agroflorais e convencionais na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241505">
                <text>Ivo Jucksch, João Augusto Alves Meira Neto, Elpidio Inácio Fernandes Filho, Fernando Silveira Franco, Laércio Couto, Anor Fiorini de Carvalho, Elias Silva</text>
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                <text>A Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais é caracterizada por topografia forte ondulada, com solos intemperizados com baixa fertilidade natural e regime pluviométrico capaz de sustentar uma vegetação florestal. A ocupação da terra é minifundiária, predominando a agricultura familiar, que sofre as conseqüências da modernização da agricultura, exigindo uso intensivo do solo, o que, conseqüentemente, promove perdas de solo, água e nutrientes por erosão. Uma das alternativas propostas para redução das perdas por processos erosivos foi a implantação de sistemas agroflorestais. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as perdas por erosão em sistemas agroflorestais implantados em propriedades de pequenos agricultores com as perdas em sistemas convencionais. Os sistemas foram implantados como unidades experimentais de observação das condições socioambientais dos agricultores, utilizando metodologias participativas. Estas unidades experimentais apresentam dificuldades para quantificação da erosão, quando são usadas metodologias convencionais. A dinâmica do manejo utilizado pelos agricultores dificulta o uso de métodos que exigem a implantação de equipamentos permanentes. Além disto, os métodos que exigem o isolamento das parcelas produzem efeitos de borda que mascaram os resultados, quando comparados com os do sistema aberto conduzido por agricultores. Desta forma, foi desenvolvido um coletor de água e solo para superar tais limitações. O equipamento é composto por uma 'mesa', que é inserida no solo, acoplada a uma calha móvel que sustenta um saco plástico. A água e o solo coletados no saco plástico são quantificados e analisados. Foram instalados coletores em 25 unidades de observação, sendo 14 em sistemas convencionais e 11 em sistemas agroflorestais. A energia dos eventos erosivos foi calculada a partir de pluviogramas, para estimar as perdas potenciais anuais dos sistemas. Os dados foram coletados na estação chuvosa de 1998/1999. As perdas totais de solo, carbono orgânico e nutrientes dos sistemas convencionais, estimadas para um ano, foram significativamente maiores que as dos sistemas agroflorestais, o que indica a maior sustentabilidade ecológica destes últimos e comprova que eles são capazes de conservar os recursos naturais, evidenciando a importância da conversão dos sistemas convencionais em sistemas ecologicamente sustentáveis.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241507">
                <text>2002</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241508">
                <text>Uso da terra, conservação do solo, experimentação participativa, sustentabilidade</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241509">
                <text>10.1590/S0100-67622002000600011</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241510">
                <text>Revista Árvore</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241511">
                <text>Sociedade de Investigações Florestais</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Forestry</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v26n6/a11v26n6.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v26n6/a11v26n6.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241495">
                <text>Energía y medio ambiente. Una mirada desde la Encíclica Laudato Si'</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241496">
                <text>Claudio César Calabrese, Fernando Brambila, Eduardo de la Vega Segura, Anthony Torres Hernandez</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Nuestro trabajo plantea los aspectos que consideramos medulares de la Encíclica, en especial la unidad economía-sociedad-ecología, tomando como idea central la noción de “conversión ecológica” y, a partir de ésta, los límites de crecimiento de una civilización basada fundamentalmente en petróleo. Esto se debe a que los niveles de consumo encontrarán rápidamente la barrera de la propia naturaleza, pues la humanidad habrá consumido la mayor parte de los combustibles fósiles, a fines del siglo XXI. Se trata, en definitiva, del agotamiento de un ideal de ciencia y de progreso que no ha podido sostener las promesas del modelo ilustrado que las generó. En este contexto, presentamos las catástrofes ecológicas ocasionadas por derrames de petróleo en el último decenio y los aspectos positivos y negativos de los últimos procedimientos en extracción de petróleo; a pesar de estos esfuerzos y de la integración de energías renovables, la ecología en clave cristiana requiere de una renovación interior que lleve a una conciencia más plena del hombre como colaborar y custodio de la creación.  Abstract: Our work raises the aspects that we consider to be central to the Encyclical, especially the unity between economy-society-ecology, taking as a central idea the notion of 'ecological conversion' and, from this, the limits of growth of a civilization fundamentally based on oil. This is because consumption levels will quickly meet the barrier of nature itself, since humanity will have consumed most of the fossil fuels by the end of the 21st century. It is, in short, the exhaustion of an ideal of science and progress that has failed to keep the promises of the enlightened model in which it was born. In this context, we present the ecological catastrophes caused by oil spills in the last decade and the positive and negative aspects of the latest oil extraction procedures; Despite these efforts and the integration of renewable energies, ecology in a Christian key requires an interior renewal that leads to a fuller awareness of man as a collaborator and custodian of creation.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241498">
                <text>2022</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241499">
                <text>Concersión ecológica, Francisco, Petróleo, crisis de la cultura</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241500">
                <text>Carthaginensia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241501">
                <text>Instituto Teológico de Murcia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241502">
                <text>Doctrinal Theology, Practical Theology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="241503">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.revistacarthaginensia.com/index.php/CARTHAGINENSIA/article/view/291" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.revistacarthaginensia.com/index.php/CARTHAGINENSIA/article/view/291&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        <src>https://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/f53d18df9051caf2f00bf3266944e7ae.pdf</src>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>PERCEPÇÕES E ADAPTAÇÃO AOS RISCOS CLIMÁTICOS E SOCIOECONÓMICOS NA PECUÁRIA FAMILIAR DO BIOMA PAMPA</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241486">
                <text>Marcel Bursztyn, Gabriela Litre</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241487">
                <text>ResumoNo contexto da modernidade industrial em crise, a capacidade adaptativa aos novos riscos climáticos e socioeconômicos passa pelo estudo da percepção e da compreensão desses riscos. Por meio de entrevistas com bovinocultores familiares da Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai, o presente trabalho descreve suas percepções e as estratégias de adaptação face aos riscos climáticos e socioeconômicos que enfrentam no bioma Pampa. Os resultados confirmam que não existe um 'pecuarista clarividente' que seja capaz de realizar previsões totalmente corretas sobre os futuros cenários climáticos. As famílias entrevistadas percebem com muito maior facilidade os riscos familiares, econômicos e institucionais que ameaçam diretamente a sustentabilidade de sua atividade no curto prazo. Confirmamos que a passagem das situações de risco à percepção do risco está condicionada por barreiras sociais e cognitivas, e isso dificulta as formas de se adaptar e equacionar os conflitos inerentes às mudanças globais nas sociedades contemporâneas.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241488">
                <text>2015</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241489">
                <text>Agricultura Familiar, Mudanças Climáticas, modernidade reflexiva, percepções, risco</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241490">
                <text>10.1590/1809-4422ASOC668V1832015</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241491">
                <text>Ambiente &amp; Sociedade</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241492">
                <text>Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ambiente e Sociedade (ANPPAS)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241493">
                <text>Human ecology. Anthropogeography</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="241494">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/pdf/asoc/v18n3/1809-4422-asoc-18-03-00055.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/pdf/asoc/v18n3/1809-4422-asoc-18-03-00055.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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