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                <text>Airborne Transmission Route of COVID-19: Why 2 Meters/6 Feet of Inter-Personal Distance Could Not Be Enough</text>
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                <text>Leonardo Setti, Fabrizio Passarini, Gianluigi de Gennaro, Pierluigi Barbieri, Maria Grazia Perrone, Massimo Borelli, Jolanda Palmisani, Alessia Di Gilio, Prisco Piscitelli, Alessandro Miani</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic caused the shutdown of entire nations all over the world. In addition to mobility restrictions of people, the World Health Organization and the Governments have prescribed maintaining an inter-personal distance of 1.5 or 2 meters (about 6 feet) from each other in order to minimize the risk of contagion through the droplets that we usually disseminate around us from nose and mouth. However, recently published studies support the hypothesis of virus transmission over a distance of 2 meters from an infected person. Researchers have proved the higher aerosol and surface stability of SARS-COV-2 as compared with SARS-COV-1 (with the virus remaining viable and infectious in aerosol for hours) and that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV can occur besides close-distance contacts. Indeed, there is reasonable evidence about the possibility of SARS-COV-2 airborne transmission due to its persistence into aerosol droplets in a viable and infectious form. Based on the available knowledge and epidemiological observations, it is plausible that small particles containing the virus may diffuse in indoor environments covering distances up to 10 meters from the emission sources, thus representing a kind of aerosol transmission. On-field studies carried out inside Wuhan Hospitals showed the presence of SARS-COV-2 RNA in air samples collected in the hospitals and also in the surroundings, leading to the conclusion that the airborne route has to be considered an important pathway for viral diffusion. Similar findings are reported in analyses concerning air samples collected at the Nebraska University Hospital. On March 16th, we have released a Position Paper emphasizing the airborne route as a possible additional factor for interpreting the anomalous COVID-19 outbreaks in northern Italy, ranked as one of the most polluted areas in Europe and characterized by high particulate matter (PM) concentrations. The available information on the SARS-COV-2 spreading supports the hypothesis of airborne diffusion of infected droplets from person to person at a distance greater than two meters (6 feet). The inter-personal distance of 2 m can be reasonably considered as an effective protection only if everybody wears face masks in daily life activities.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082932</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
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                <text>Airflow as a Possible Transmission Route of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome at an Initial Outbreak Hospital in Korea</text>
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                <text>Minki Sung, Seongmin Jo, Sang Eun Lee, Moran Ki, Bo Youl Choi, Jin Kwan Hong</text>
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                <text>In this study, the results of an airflow investigation conducted on 7 June 2015 as part of a series of epidemiologic investigations at Pyeongtaek St. Mary&amp;#8217;s Hospital, South Korea, were investigated. The study involved 38 individuals who were infected directly and indirectly with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), by a super-spreader patient. Tracer gas experiments conducted on the eighth floor, where the initial patient was hospitalized, confirmed that the tracer gas spread to adjacent patient rooms and rooms across corridors. In particular, the experiment with an external wind direction and speed similar to those during the hospitalization of the initial patient revealed that the air change rate was 17&amp;#8315;20 air changes per hour (ACH), with air introduced through the window in the room of the infected patient (room 8104). The tracer gas concentration of room 8110, which was the farthest room, was 7.56% of room 8104, indicating that a high concentration of gas has spread from room 8104 to rooms across the corridor. In contrast, the tracer gas was barely detected in a maternity ward to the south of room 8104, where there was no secondary infected patient. Moreover, MERS is known to spread mainly by droplets through close contact, but long-distance dispersion is probable in certain environments, such as that of a super-spreader patient hospitalized in a room without ventilation, hospitals with a central corridor type, and indoor airflow dispersion due to external wind.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122757</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
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                <text>Airport Landside Sustainable Capacity and Level of Service of Terminal Functional Subsystems</text>
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                <text>Paola Di Mascio, Laura Moretti, Massimiliano Piacitelli</text>
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                <text>The airport terminal is a complex building composed of many functional subsystems dimensioned to host passenger traffic, considering an appropriate level of service (LoS). The most widely known method to assess the LoS and design the terminal areas is the Airport Development Reference Manual by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Based on this, a calculation tool in Microsoft Excel® was implemented to assess the capacity and dimension of the facilities for each functional subsystem of the terminal. The tool, composed of nine correlated spreadsheets, is a useful model to design new structures, evaluate the LoS currently offered, plan interventions, and face the new rules of passenger distancing due to the COVID-19 emergency. An international airport terminal with 20 million/year including Schengen and extra-Schengen passengers was studied. The LoS of the terminal subsystems was assessed and the areas needed for each subsystem were calculated. In the analyzed case study, most subsystems (departure hall, check-in, boarding gates, baggage claim, and arrival halls) were over-designed, according to the definition of the IATA LoS. This means that available spaces for queues and holding are sufficiently large to easily face the new rules of social distancing for passengers due to the recent COVID-19 emergency.</text>
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                <text>facilities, Level of Service (LOS), landside capacity, functional subsystems requirements, typical peak hour passenger (TPHP), COVID-19 emergency distancing rules</text>
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                <text>10.3390/su12218784</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
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                <text>Elizabeth C Ohlsen, Kimberly A Porter, Eric Mooring, Coleman Cutchins, Anne Zink, Joseph McLaughlin</text>
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                <text>Travel can facilitate SARS-CoV-2 introduction. To reduce introduction of SARS-CoV-2 infections, the state of Alaska implemented a program on June 6, 2020, for arriving air, sea, and road travelers that required either molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, or a 14-day self-quarantine after arrival. The Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) used weekly standardized reports submitted by 10 participating Alaska airports to evaluate air traveler choices to undergo testing or self-quarantine, traveler test results, and airport personnel experiences while implementing the program. Among 386,435 air travelers who arrived in Alaska during June 6-November 14, 2020, a total of 184,438 (48%) chose to be tested within 72 hours before arrival, 111,370 (29%) chose to be tested on arrival, and 39,685 (10%) chose to self-quarantine without testing after arrival. An additional 15,112 persons received testing at airport testing sites; these were primarily travelers obtaining a second test 7-14 days after arrival, per state guidance. Of the 126,482 airport tests performed in Alaska, 951 (0.8%) results were positive, or one per 406 arriving travelers. Airport testing program administrators reported that clear communication, preparation, and organization were vital for operational success; challenges included managing travelers' expectations and ensuring that sufficient personnel and physical space were available to conduct testing. Expected mitigation measures such as vaccination, physical distancing, mask wearing, and avoidance of gatherings after arrival might also help limit postarrival transmission. Posttravel self-quarantine and testing programs might reduce travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission and importation, even without enforcement. Traveler education and community and industry partnerships might help ensure success.</text>
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                <text>AIRSENSE-TO-ACT: A Concept Paper for COVID-19 Countermeasures Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Multi-Source Data Processing</text>
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                <text>Silvia Liberata Ullo, Alessandro Sebastianelli, Francesco Mauro, Gianluca Di Cosmo, Fabrizio Passarini, Marco Carminati</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The aim of this concept paper is the description of a new tool to support institutions in the implementation of targeted countermeasures, based on quantitative and multi-scale elements, for the fight and prevention of emergencies, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. The tool is a cloud-based centralized system; a multi-user platform that relies on artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for the processing of heterogeneous data, which can produce as an output the level of risk. The model includes a specific neural network which is first trained to learn the correlations between selected inputs, related to the case of interest: environmental variables (chemical–physical, such as meteorological), human activity (such as traffic and crowding), level of pollution (in particular the concentration of particulate matter) and epidemiological variables related to the evolution of the contagion. The tool realized in the first phase of the project will serve later both as a decision support system (DSS) with predictive capacity, when fed by the actual measured data, and as a simulation bench performing the tuning of certain input values, to identify which of them led to a decrease in the degree of risk. In this way, we aimed to design different scenarios to compare different restrictive strategies and the actual expected benefits, to adopt measures sized to the actual needs, adapted to the specific areas of analysis and useful for safeguarding human health; and we compared the economic and social impacts of the choices. Although ours is a concept paper, some preliminary analyses have been shown, and two different case studies are presented, whose results have highlighted a correlation between NO2, mobility and COVID-19 data. However, given the complexity of the virus diffusion mechanism, linked to air pollutants but also to many other factors, these preliminary studies confirmed the need, on the one hand, to carry out more in-depth analyses, and on the other, to use AI algorithms to capture the hidden relationships among the huge amounts of data to process.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>artificial intelligence, Sensor networks, satellite remote sensing, risk levels, long short-term memory neural network, COVID-19 counteractions</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="85389">
                <text>10.3390/ijgi10010034</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="85390">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="85391">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Geography (General)</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38578">
                <text>Airway Alert Bracelets: Enhancing Safety in the COVID-19 Era.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38579">
                <text>Laura J Matthews, Michael O'Connor, Rajinder Singh Chaggar, David Vaughan</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38580">
                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38581">
                <text>10.1213/ANE.0000000000005165</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38582">
                <text>Anesthesia and analgesia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>AISLADOS BACTERIANOS CON POTENCIAL BIOFERTILIZANTE PARA PLÁNTULAS DE TOMATE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216986">
                <text>José Noh Medina, Carmen Yam Chimal, Lizette Borges Gómez, José Juan Zúñiga Aguilar, Gregorio Godoy Hernández</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216987">
                <text>En el presente trabajo se aislaron rizobacterias en diversos medios de cultivo y se resembraron en medios selectivos para estudiar su capacidad de solubilización de fosfato y de producción de ácido indolacético (AIA), con el fin de probarlas como promotoras del crecimiento vegetal en plántulas de tomate. Se obtuvieron 83 aislados bacterianos del rizoplano de plantas de chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.), maíz (Zea mays) y calabaza (Cucurbita pepo), de los cuales 15 sintetizaron AIA con un rango de concentración de 0.17 a 12.51 µg L-1 y 33 solubilizaron fosfato inorgánico. El uso de los aislados KCH3 y TSACH2 inoculados a las semillas de tomate, y que solubilizaron fosfato in vitro, incrementaron significativamente la biomasa de la parte aérea de las plántulas de tomate (42 y 32% respectivamente), permitiendo obtener plántulas más vigorosas que las plántulas sin inoculación de rizobacterias. Ambos aislados mostraron potencial para ser utilizados como biofertilizantes en la producción de plántulas de tomate.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216988">
                <text>2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216989">
                <text>promoción del crecimiento vegetal, promoción del crecimiento vegetalrizobacterias, reguladortes del crecimiento, rizobacterias</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216990">
                <text>Terra Latinoamericana</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216991">
                <text>Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A. C.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216992">
                <text>Agriculture (General), Agriculture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216993">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/33/29" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/33/29&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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  <item itemId="19460" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/566faefe8888405ab546eb1f05279fbc.pdf</src>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="165156">
                <text>Aislamiento de cepas de Bacillus spp. a partir del bioproducto IHPLUS ® con potencialidades para el desarrollo agropecuario e industrial</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="165157">
                <text>Maykelis Díaz-Solares, Liliet González-Sierra, Yunel Pérez-Hernández, Ana Julia Rondón-Castillo, Leticia Fuentes-Alfonso, Ángel Monserrate Guzmán-Cedeño</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="165158">
                <text>ObjetivosDeterminar las potencialidades de aislados de Bacillus spp. obtenidos a partir del producto IHPLUS®, como promotores del crecimiento vegetal y con fines industriales.Materiales y MétodosPara el aislamiento se inocularon 10 mL del producto en medio caldo nutriente y a continuación se realizó un golpe térmico a 80 ºC durante 12 minutos, para eliminar las formas vegetativas. Se realizaron diluciones seriadas y posteriormente se efectuaron siembras en medio agar nutriente. Los aislados se purificaron y se verificó que correspondieran a formas bacilares Gram positivas productoras de endosporas. Se evaluó la producción de ácido indolacético y la capacidad de los aislados de solubilizar fosfato tricálcico, así como las actividades quitinolítica y/o 1,3-β-glucanolítica, lipídica, proteolítica, amilolítica, celulolítica y mananolítica de los mismos.ResultadosSe obtuvieron un total de cuatro aislados de Bacillus spp. Los aislados IH7 e IH5 mostraron propiedades bioestimuladoras y biofertilizantes al producir ácido indolacético (23,55 μg mL-1) y solubilizar fosfato tricálcico, respectivamente. El aislado IH7 evidenció potencialidades como agente antagónico de fitopatógenos ya que produjo cianuro de hidrógeno y se evidenció la producción de 1,3-β-glucanasa y/o quitinasa (95,55 %) y proteasas (43,98 %). IH5 mostró actividad amilolítica y mananolítica, mientras que IH7 produjo amilasas y celulasas.ConclusionesLas actividades bioquímicas mostradas por los aislados, evidencian la importancia del bioproducto IHPLUS® como una fuente para la obtención de cepas de Bacillus spp. con aplicaciones en diferentes sectores agropecuarios e industriales.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="165159">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="165160">
                <text>ácido indolacético; actividad enzimática; solubilización de fosfato</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="165161">
                <text>Pastos y Forrajes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="165162">
                <text>Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes Indio Hatuey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="165163">
                <text>Agriculture (General), Animal culture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="165164">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0864-03942020000100056&amp;amp;lng=es&amp;amp;nrm=iso&amp;amp;tlng=es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0864-03942020000100056&amp;amp;lng=es&amp;amp;nrm=iso&amp;amp;tlng=es&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>AISLAMIENTO E IDENTIFICACIÓN DE BACTERIAS SOLUBILIZADORAS DE FOSFATOS, HABITANTES DE LA RIZÓSFERA DE CHONTADURO (B. gassipaes Kunth) ISOLAMENTO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS SOLUBILIZADORAS DA FOSFATO, HABITANTES DA RIZÓSFERA DE CHONTADURO (B. gassipaes Kunth) ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA INHABITING THE RIZHOSPHERE OF PEACH PALM (B. gassipaes Kunth)</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="159918">
                <text>Marina Sánchez de Prager, Carlos Patiño Torres</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>El chontaduro o pejiyabe (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) esuna especie nativa de las selvas húmedas del pacífico colombiano, adaptada a condiciones de alta acidez y deficiencia de nutrientes, especialmente fósforo (P), características dominantes en los suelos de esta zona tropical. Los microorganismos rizosféricos solubilizadores de P, entre ellos las bacterias (BSP), contribuyen a mejorar la disponibilidad de este nutriente, por ello, la necesidad de aislarlos, reconocerlos e identificarlos en la rizosfera, como uno de los mecanismos de adaptación de esta especie. Una vez aisladas y purificadas en medio libre de fuentes de fósforo orgánico e inorgánico solubles, las poblaciones bacterianas se identificaron mediante la utilizacióndel análisis de las secuencias DNAr 16S y la técnica BOX-PCR, estableciendo que en el sitio de estudio, las poblaciones dominantes fueron Burkholderia ambifaria y Burkholderia sp. 383, seguidas por Pseudomonas putida, especies reconocidas globalmente por su actividad solubilizadora, y como rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (PGPR).Do chontaduro oupejiyabe (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) é uma espécie nativa da florestas úmidas do pacífico colombiano, adaptados às condições de alta acidez e deficiência de nutrientes, especialmente fósforo (P), características dominantes no solo de esta zona tropical. Microrganismos do solo comcapacidade de solubilizar fosfatos naturais, incluindo as bactérias, contribuir para melhorar a disponibilidade de nutrientes presente, por conseguinte, não existe necessidade de isolar as, reconhecer e identificar-los na rizosfera, como um dos mecanismos de adaptação do presente espécies. Uma vez que tenham sido isoladas e purificadas emmeiolivre de fontes de P orgânicos e inorgânicos solúveis, populações bacterianas foram identificadas pela utilização da análise das sequências do extrachromosome DNAr 16S e a técnica BOX-PCR, que estabelece que a área de estudo, a populações dominante foram: Burkholderia ambifaria e B. sp. 383, seguido por Pseudomonas putida, espécies reconhecidas mundialmente para suaatividade solubilizadora, e como rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (RPCP).The chontaduro or pejiyabe (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), is a species native of rainforest of Colombian's Pacific Coast, adapted to soils with high acidity and depleted in nutrients, especially phosphorus.The phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, including bacteria (BSP), improve the availability of this nutrient, therefore, the need to isolate, recognize and identify those in the rhizosphere, as one of the mechanisms of adaptation of this species. Once isolated and purified in medium free of sources of soluble phosphorus, bacterial populations were identified using sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and molecular genotyping by BOX-PCR, stating that in the study site, the dominant populations were Burkholderia ambifaria and B. sp. 383, followed by Pseudomonas putida, species recognized globally for its solubilizing activity, and as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="159920">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="159921">
                <text>Fósforo del suelo, Fósforo do solo, PGPR, RPCP, Rhizosphere, biofertilizantes, phosphate solubilization, soil phosphorus, solubilización de fosfatos, solubilização de fosfatos</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="159922">
                <text>Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="159923">
                <text>Universidad del Cauca</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="159924">
                <text>Agriculture (General), Biotechnology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="159925">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S1692-35612012000200021" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S1692-35612012000200021&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
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  <item itemId="16889" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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        <src>https://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/606770f1a2b1aa6de4149a5f5fe467a1.pdf</src>
        <authentication>9718f78230d2b9fed89e5509ac2b10ff</authentication>
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    <collection collectionId="2">
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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        </elementSet>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="140911">
                <text>AISLAMIENTO, IDENTIFICACIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE NUCLEOPOLIEDROVIRUS NATIVOS DE SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA EN COLOMBIA ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATIVE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS OF SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA IN COLOMBIA</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="140912">
                <text>Gloria Patricia Barrera Cubillos, Laura Fernanda Villamizar Rivero, Juliana Andrea Gómez Valderrama, Elsa Judith Guevara Agudelo, Alba Marina Cotes Prado</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="140913">
                <text>El gusano cogollero del maíz Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) es considerado la plaga más importante del cultivo en el mundo. En varios países se han empleado exitosamente los nucleopoliedrovirus de la familia Baculoviridae para su control. Sin embargo, en Colombia, no se cuenta ningún bioplaguicida viral registrado para el control de la plaga. En el presente trabajo, se realizó la búsqueda de aislamientos nativos de nucleopoliedrovirus en los departamentos de Tolima, Meta y Córdoba, mediante la recolección de larvas en diferentes cultivos. Las muestras fueron analizadas por microscopía para la búsqueda de partículas virales y los aislamientos encontrados se caracterizaron física y biológicamente. Se recolectaron 2.140 larvas de S. frugiperda en los tres departamentos muestreados. Sin embargo, sólo en un lugar (Cereté, Córdoba), se encontraron larvas con síntomas de infección viral en campo. El 2% de las muestras colectadas mostraron síntomas típicos de infección y en total se identificaron 3 aislamientos codificados como NPV003 (Córdoba), NPV009 (Tolima) y NPV011 (Meta). Los aislamientos presentaron un tamaño de partícula entre 1,93 µm y 2,14 µm. Las concentraciones letales medias (CL50) sobre larvas neonatas oscilaron entre 2,2 x 105 CI/mL y 7,0 x 105 CI/mL y no se registraron estadísticas entre los aislamientos, sugiriendo que todos tienen la misma patogenicidad sobre larvas neonatas del insecto. Estos virus nativos representan la base para el desarrollo de una nueva alternativa biológica para el control de la plaga, siendo necesario iniciar los estudios para su formulación.Worldwide, the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is considered the most important pest of maize crop. Nucleopolyhedrovirus of Baculoviridae family have been successfully used in several countries for its control. However, in Colombia there are not any biopesticide registered for the control of this pest. In the present work, native nucleopolyhedrovirus were isolated from the departments of Tolima, Meta and Córdoba, by collecting larvae in different crops. Samples were analyzed by microscopy in order to find viral particles and the isolates were characterized physically and biologically. A total of 2,140 larvae of S. frugiperda were collected in the three sampled zones. However, larvae with viral infection symptoms in the field were found only in one place (Cereté, Córdoba). The 2% of the samples exhibited typical symptoms of infection and 3 isolates were identified and codified as NPV003 (Córdoba), NPV009 (Tolima) and NPV011 (Meta). Isolates showed a particle size between 1.93 mum and 2.14 mum. The mean lethal concentrations (LC50) over neonate larvae ranged between 2.2 x 105 CI/mL and 7.0 x 105 CI/mL and there were not statistical differences among isolates, suggesting that all have the same pathogenicity on neonate larvae of the insect. Currently, these native viruses represent the base for developing a new biological alternative for the control of this pest, being necessary to being the studies for their formulation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="140914">
                <text>2010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="140915">
                <text>baculovirus, biological control, control biológico, corn, fall armyworm, gusano cogollero, maíz</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="140916">
                <text>Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="140917">
                <text>Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="140918">
                <text>Agriculture (General), Agriculture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="140919">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0304-28472010000200005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S0304-28472010000200005&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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