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                <text>Epidemiology of respiratory infections among adults in Qatar (2012-2017).</text>
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                <text>Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi, Maria K. Smatti, Nandakumar Ganesan, Shazia Nadeem, Elmoubasher Farag, Peter V. Coyle, Joanne Daghfal Nader, Hebah  A. Al Khatib, Emad B Elmagboul, Said Al Dhahry, Salih A. Al-Marri, Asmaa A Althani, Abdullatif Al Khal, Muna  A. Al Maslamani, Hadi M. Yassine</text>
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                <text>BACKGROUND:Limited data is available about the etiology of influenza like illnesses (ILIs) in Qatar. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed at providing preliminary estimates of influenza and other respiratory infections circulating among adults in Qatar. METHODS:We retrospectively collected data of about 44,000 patients who visited Hamad General Hospital clinics, sentinel sites, and all primary healthcare centers in Qatar between 2012 and 2017. All samples were tested for influenza viruses, whereas about 38,000 samples were tested for influenza and a panel of respiratory viruses using Fast Track Diagnostics (FTD) RT-PCR kit. RESULTS:Among all ILIs cases, 20,278 (46.5%) tested positive for at least one respiratory pathogen. Influenza virus was predominating (22.6%), followed by human rhinoviruses (HRVs) (9.5%), and human coronaviruses (HCoVs) (5%). A detection rate of 2-3% was recorded for mycoplasma pneumonia, adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). ILIs cases were reported throughout the year, however, influenza, RSV, and HMPV exhibited strong seasonal peaks in the winter, while HRVs circulated more during fall and spring. Elderly (&gt;50 years) had the lowest rates of influenza A (13.9%) and B (4.2%), while presenting the highest rates of RSV (3.4%) and HMPV (3.3%). While males had higher rates of HRVs (11.9%), enteroviruses (1.1%) and MERS CoV (0.2%), females had higher proportions of influenza (26.3%), HPIVs (3.2%) and RSV (3.6%) infections. CONCLUSION:This report provides a comprehensive insight about the epidemiology of ILIs among adults in the Qatar, as a representative of Gulf States. These results would help in improvement and optimization of diagnostic procedures, as well as control and prevention of the respiratory infections.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218097</text>
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                <text>Pandemia COVID-19</text>
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                <text>José Carlos Lopes Martins</text>
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                <text>Este é simultaneamente um tempo de combate e um tempo de preparação do pós-guerra. Estamos a defrontar um inimigo invisível e insidioso com um enorme potencial de destruição de saúde das populações e da economia dos Países, que coloca tremendos desafi os aos sistemas de saúde e às lideranças institucionais e políticas. A mobilização de respostas adequadas requer, como nunca, lideranças fortes e esclarecidas por parte de empresas, organizações sociais e decisores políticos porque está em causa um difícil trade-off entre saúde e economia que precisa de ser lidado com inteligência, coragem e perseverança; precisamos de sair destes estranhos e pesados dias com a força e os meios que nos permitam reconstituir as estruturas económicas e sociais abaladas por esta pandemia. Sem experiências anteriores sobre uma epidemia desta magnitude há que recorrer, desde logo, aos conhecimentos científicos disponíveis, que aliás têm estado a ser atualizados num notável esforço de investigação participada e partilhada entre os principais centros de investigação científi ca de todo o mundo. Mas há que recorrer também às competências de gestão deste tipo de crises, com envolvimento ativo de todas as forças sociais e económicas que sejam relevantes na dura luta que há que travar. É em momentos conturbados e difíceis como o que estamos a viver, que são imprescindíveis lideranças mobilizadoras capazes de obter o melhor das organizações e de nós todos, principalmente daqueles que têm que estar na primeira linha de combate - os Profi ssionais de saúde. É felizmente o que tem estado a ocorrer com organizações de saúde como é o caso da José de Mello Saúde que, atempadamente planeou e organizou os recursos de forma a contribuir responsavelmente para o esforço nacional que o País tem em curso. Esta, como outras grandes crises da humanidade, há de passar embora deixando um enorme impacto económico e social; preparemos com confi ança um futuro que será com certeza mais incerto e mais exigente.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.29315/gm.v7i1.312</text>
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                <text>Gazeta Médica</text>
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                <text>José de Mello Saúde</text>
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                <text>Haitao Yang, Wei-Qing Xie, Xiaoyu Xue, Kai-Lin Yang, Jing Ma, Wen-Xue Liang, Qi Zhao, Zhe Zhou, Duanqing Pei, John Ziebuhr, Rolf Hilgenfeld, Kwok-yung Yuen, Luet Wong, Guangxia Gao, Sai-Juan Chen, Zhu Chen, Dawei Ma, Mark Bartlam, Zihe Rao</text>
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                <text>The genus Coronavirus contains about 25 species of coronaviruses (CoVs), which are important pathogens causing highly prevalent diseases and often severe or fatal in humans and animals. No licensed specific drugs are available to prevent their infection. Different host receptors for cellular entry, poorly conserved structural proteins (antigens), and the high mutation and recombination rates of CoVs pose a significant problem in the development of wide-spectrum anti-CoV drugs and vaccines. CoV main proteases (M(pro)s), which are key enzymes in viral gene expression and replication, were revealed to share a highly conservative substrate-recognition pocket by comparison of four crystal structures and a homology model representing all three genetic clusters of the genus Coronavirus. This conclusion was further supported by enzyme activity assays. Mechanism-based irreversible inhibitors were designed, based on this conserved structural region, and a uniform inhibition mechanism was elucidated from the structures of Mpro-inhibitor complexes from severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. A structure-assisted optimization program has yielded compounds with fast in vitro inactivation of multiple CoV M(pro)s, potent antiviral activity, and extremely low cellular toxicity in cell-based assays. Further modification could rapidly lead to the discovery of a single agent with clinical potential against existing and possible future emerging CoV-related diseases.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030324</text>
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                <text>Jin-Jun Zhang, Sijia Tian, Jing Lou, Yuguo Chen</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2817-7</text>
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                <text>Channels’ Confirmation and Predictions’ Confirmation: From the Medical Test to the Raven Paradox</text>
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                <text>Chenguang Lu</text>
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                <text>After long arguments between positivism and falsificationism, the verification of universal hypotheses was replaced with the confirmation of uncertain major premises. Unfortunately, Hemple proposed the Raven Paradox. Then, Carnap used the increment of logical probability as the confirmation measure. So far, many confirmation measures have been proposed. Measure F proposed by Kemeny and Oppenheim among them possesses symmetries and asymmetries proposed by Elles and Fitelson, monotonicity proposed by Greco et al., and normalizing property suggested by many researchers. Based on the semantic information theory, a measure b* similar to F is derived from the medical test. Like the likelihood ratio, measures b* and F can only indicate the quality of channels or the testing means instead of the quality of probability predictions. Furthermore, it is still not easy to use b*, F, or another measure to clarify the Raven Paradox. For this reason, measure c* similar to the correct rate is derived. Measure c* supports the Nicod Criterion and undermines the Equivalence Condition, and hence, can be used to eliminate the Raven Paradox. An example indicates that measures F and b* are helpful for diagnosing the infection of Novel Coronavirus, whereas most popular confirmation measures are not. Another example reveals that all popular confirmation measures cannot be used to explain that a black raven can confirm &amp;#8220;Ravens are black&amp;#8221; more strongly than a piece of chalk. Measures F, b*, and c* indicate that the existence of fewer counterexamples is more important than more positive examples&amp;#8217; existence, and hence, are compatible with Popper&amp;#8217;s falsification thought.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>relative entropy, cross-entropy, uncertain reasoning, inductive logic, confirmation measure, Semantic information, Medical test, raven paradox</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/e22040384</text>
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                <text>Entropy</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Science, Astrophysics, Physics</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Designing Socially Assistive Robots for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia Patients and Their Caregivers: Where We are and Where We are Headed</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Dimitrios Koutentakis, Alexander Pilozzi, Xudong Huang</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Over the past few years there has been a large rise in the field of robotics. Robots are being in used in many industries, but there has not been a large surge of robots in the medical field, especially the robots for healthcare use. However, as the aging population keeps growing, current medical staff and healthcare providers are increasingly burdened by caring for the ever-growing number of senior patients, especially those with cognitive impairment of Alzheimer&amp;#8217;s disease (AD) and Alzheimer&amp;#8217;s disease-related dementia (ADRD) patients. As a result, we can expect to see a large increase in the field of medical robotics, especially in forms of socially assistive robots (SARs) for senior patients and healthcare providers. In fact, SARs can alleviate AD and ADRD patients and their caregivers&amp;#8217; unmet medical needs. Herein, we propose a design outline for such a SAR, based on a review of the current literature. We believe the next generation of SARs will enhance health and well-being, reduce illness and disability, and improve quality of life for AD and ADRD patients and their caregivers.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Aging, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, socially assistive robots</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14388">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8020073</text>
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                <text>Healthcare</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14393">
                <text>Everyday Life and Everyday Communication in Coronavirus Capitalism</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14394">
                <text>Christian Fuchs</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In 2020, the coronavirus crisis ruptured societies and their everyday life around the globe. This article is a contribution to critically theorising the changes societies have undergone in the light of the coronavirus crisis. It asks: How have everyday life and everyday communication changed in the coronavirus crisis? How does capitalism shape everyday life and everyday communication during this crisis?  Section 2 focuses on how social space, everyday life, and everyday communication have changed in the coronavirus crisis. Section 3 focuses on the communication of ideology in the context of coronavirus by analysing the communication of coronavirus conspiracy stories and false coronavirus news.   The coronavirus crisis is an existential crisis of humanity and society. It radically confronts humans with death and the fear of death. This collective experience can on the one hand result in new forms of solidarity and socialism or can on the other hand, if ideology and the far-right prevails, advance war and fascism. Political action and political economy are decisive factors in such a profound crisis that shatters society and everyday life.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14397">
                <text>coronavirus, COVID-19, everyday life, everyday communication, critical theory, critical theory of communication, means of communication, Communication technology, capitalism, Ideology, fake news, false news, crisis, Public Health, Henri Lefebvre, David Harvey</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14398">
                <text>DOI: 10.31269/triplec.v18i1.1167</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14399">
                <text>tripleC: Communication, Capitalism &amp; Critique</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14400">
                <text>tripleC</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14401">
                <text>Communication. Mass media, Communities. Classes. Races</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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  <item itemId="1506" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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        <src>https://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/9ea11b4537e98da9709156625a1ba11d.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14403">
                <text>RESULTS OF IDENTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS OF INFLUENZA AND OTHER ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS WITH THE METHOD OF RT-LAMP</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14404">
                <text>Ch. Khishigmunkh, D. Enkhsaykhan, B. Darmaa, Y. A. Amarzhargal, D. Nyamkhuu, S. Tsogtsaykhan, M. Nakauchi, P. Nymadawa</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Currently, the detection and identification of viruses that cause respiratory and influenza-like illness (ILI) is one of the main tasks of  public healthcare. In 2016-2017, nasopharyngeal swabs were  collected from 200 sick children with ILI aged 0 to 5 years. Detection  of pathogens in ILI patients was carried out by RT-LAMP  amplification method. In 43 % of patients ILI viruses were detected.  Among all confirmed cases of viral infection, a respiratory-syncytial  virus was detected in 49 %, rhinoviruses in 16 %, coronaviruses in 9 %,  parainfluenza viruses in 6 %, and human metapneumoviruses in 2 % of  samples. Influenza A viruses were found in 6 % of infected specimens.  The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of using RT-LAMP amplification in differential laboratory diagnostics of the ILI of viral etiology.</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14407">
                <text>acute respiratory viral infections, laboratory diagnostics, RT-LAMP</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14408">
                <text>DOI: 10.29413/ABS.2018-3.4.24</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14409">
                <text>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14410">
                <text>Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</text>
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                <text>Science</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14412">
                <text>RU</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of China’s Prevention and Control Strategy for the COVID-19 Epidemic</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14414">
                <text>Jia Wang, Zhifeng Wang</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This study used the Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) (SWOT) analysis method, drawing on our experience of the response to the 2003 SARS epidemic, the 2019 China Health Statistics Yearbook data, and changes in China&amp;#8217;s policy environment for the pneumonia epidemic response relating to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, to perform a systematic analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control strategy S, W, O, and T, with a further analysis of a strategic foundation and to determine a significant and relative strategy. We assessed and formulated strength-opportunity (SO), weakness-opportunity (WO), strength-threat (ST), and weakness-threat (WT) strategies for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. We conducted an in-depth analysis and identified the highest-priority policies. These are: reshaping the emergency system (SO1); adding health emergency departments to universities and other institutions (WO2); adjusting the economic structure and strengthening international and domestic linkages (ST2); and strengthening public intervention in responding to public health emergencies (WT1).</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14416">
                <text>2020</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14417">
                <text>COVID-19, coronavirus, Strategy, SWOT analysis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14418">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072235</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14419">
                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14420">
                <text>MDPI AG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14422">
                <text>EN</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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        <src>https://socictopen.socict.org/files/original/f0e163bce6b82581c15bec59b8c4a49d.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14423">
                <text>More than just friends: in-home use and design recommendations for sensing socially assistive robots (SARs) by older adults with depression</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14424">
                <text>Randall Natasha, Bennett Casey C., Šabanović Selma, Nagata Shinichi, Eldridge Lori, Collins Sawyer, Piatt Jennifer A.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>As healthcare turns its focus to preventative community-based interventions, there is increasing interest in using in-home technology to support this goal. This study evaluates the design and use of socially assistive robots (SARs) and sensors as in-home therapeutic support for older adults with depression. The seal-like SAR Paro, along with onboard and wearable sensors, was placed in the homes of 10 older adults diagnosed with clinical depression for one month. Design workshops were conducted before and after the in-home implementation with participating older adults and clinical care staff members. Workshops showed older adults and clinicians sawseveral potential uses for robots and sensors to support in-home depression care. Long-term in-home use of the robot allowed researchers and participants to situate desired robot features in specific practices and experiences of daily life, and some user requests for functionality changed due to extended use. Sensor data showed that participants’ attitudes toward and intention to use the robot were strongly correlated with particular Circadian patterns (afternoon and evening) of robot use. Sensor data also showed that those without pets interacted with Paro significantly more than those with pets, and survey data showed they had more positive attitudes toward the SAR. Companionship, while a desired capability, emerged as insufficient to engage many older adults in long-term use of SARs in their home.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14426">
                <text>2019</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14427">
                <text>socially assistive robotics, home and social robot design, Embedded sensors, depression management and therapy in older adults, human robot interaction</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14428">
                <text>DOI: 10.1515/pjbr-2019-0020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14429">
                <text>Paladyn: Journal of Behavioral Robotics</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14430">
                <text>De Gruyter</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14431">
                <text>Technology</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14432">
                <text>EN</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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