МORBIDITY OF INFLUENZA AND ACUTE VIRAL INFECTION IN YAKUTIA DURING EPIDEMIC SEASONS
SARS, influenza, avian influenza, Yakutia
Objective: analysis of the incidence of SARS, influenza and determining the etiological structure of influenza in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and in particular, in the Arctic zone of the Republic.Materials and methods: we used data from the official statistics of the national center for CPS, as well as summary data of the Federal center of Rospotrebnadzor. We analyzed the results of epidemiological survey (form 357/u) and laboratory tests. In the first season of the surveyed 1,140, in the II epidsezona – 3317 in the season – 3270. To determine circulating RNA of influenza virus of birds studied 1375 samples of wild and 958 samples in poultry.Results: the average incidence of Ari in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period 2007–2016 significantly above the average for the same period the incidence in the Russian Federation. The incidence of SARS in some Arctic regions is considerably higher than the Russian and of the national average. The evolution over the last ten years the number of cases of influenza in the Republic varied greatly. In the Arctic regions of the Republic of the diagnosis of «influenza» over the entire period of observation were recorded in isolated cases. Was highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza A/wigeon/Sakha/1/2014 (H5N8).Conclusion: it is necessary to develop a network of interdistrict laboratories for the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases, equipping with modern equipment, developing a logistic scheme for the delivery of material for research with respect for transportation conditions, and training.
I. Yu. Samojlova, S. I. Semenov, M. E. Ignat’eva, S. S. Shadrina
Diagnostics of Human Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome
коронавирус, ближневосточный респираторный синдром, респираторные инфекции, обратная транскрипция, полимеразная цепная реакция, иммуноферментный анализ, секвенирование генома, филогенетический анализ, coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Respiratory Infections, reverse transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme immunoassay, genome sequencing, Phylogenetic analysis
Middle-East respiratory syndrome is a human disease caused by a new coronavirus. In December, 2012 WHO published draft regulatory document on diagnostics of the virus. It was recommended to use two methods of disease diagnostics - two-phase reverse-transcription real-time PCR and enzyme immunoassay. The first phase of the PCR-diagnostics should include reverse-transcription real-time PCR targeted on the genome fragment upwards of upE. The second (control) PCR-test may be alternatively targeted within the bonds of the genome, its target being non-crisscross with upE gene. It should include sequencing of, at least, a segment of one of the viral genomes and comparative analysis of the obtained sequence along with the like ones deposited in the GenBank. Enzyme immunoassay is retrospectively used for virus-specific antibody detection in convalescents’ blood sera. Examined are the key specifications of the methods for the detection of ethiological agent or specific antibodies to it, and WHO methodological recommendations in case of Middle-East respiratory syndrome diagnostics.
L. F. Stovba, V. N. Lebedev, A. A. Petrov, V. S. Kulish, S. V. Borisevich
Federal Government Health Institution, Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”
Navigation atlantique de trois galères castillanes au début du XVe siècle d’après Le Victorial : de la chronique chevaleresque à l’histoire maritime
galley, Shipping, Atlantic, Late Middle Ages, galère, Navigation, atlantique, bas Moyen Âge
Beyond the chivalrous figure of Pero Niño and its military exploits during the naval operations conducted in the Bay of Biscay and English Channel in 1405 and 1406, the Victorial provides interesting information on the navigation of three Castilian galleys sent by Henry III to honour the military agreements with France. The cross-checking of these dispersed and fragmentary data allows to reconstruct a part of the universe in which ships and crews are evolving in the late Middle Ages and which usually escapes the historian for lack of writings left by the sailors crossing the seas of Ponant.[fr] Au-delà de la figure chevaleresque de Pero Niño et de ses faits d’armes lors des opérations navales conduites dans le golfe de Gascogne et en Manche en 1405 et 1406, Le Victorial livre des informations sur la navigation des trois galères castillanes envoyées par Henri III pour honorer les accords militaires avec la France. Le recoupement de ces données éparses et fragmentaires permet de reconstituer une partie de l’univers maritime dans lequel navires et équipages évoluent à la fin du Moyen Âge et qui échappe habituellement à l’historien faute d’écrits laissés par les gens de mer sillonnant les mers du Ponant.
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Resistência laríngea em indivíduos com fechamento velofaríngeo marginal Laryngeal resistance in individuals with marginal velopharyngeal closure
Insuficiência Velofaringea, Fissura palatina, laringe, Fala, Voz, Velopharyngeal insufficiency, Cleft Palate, larynx, Speech, Voice
OBJETIVO: Verificar se pacientes com disfunção velofaríngea marginal modificam a resistência laríngea como uma estratégia para alcançar o fechamento velofaríngeo completo durante a fala. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 19 pacientes com fissura de palato operada, de ambos os sexos com idade entre 12 e 47 anos, com fechamento velofaríngeo marginal e 18 indivíduos sem fissura (grupo controle), de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 14 e 35 anos. A resistência laríngea (R), pressão aérea intra-oral (Po) e fluxo oro-nasal (Vº) foram obtidos por meio de avaliação aerodinâmica utilizando-se o sistema PERCI-SARS durante a produção da sílaba /pa/, com e sem a oclusão das narinas. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios de resistência laríngea (R), pressão aérea intra-oral (Po) e fluxo oro-nasal (Vº), no grupo com fechamento velofaríngeo marginal, foram de, respectivamente, 34,8±10,8 cmH2O/L/seg, 4,8±1,4 cmH2O, 144,8±34,0 mL/s, sem a oclusão das narinas e de 34,0±14,3 cmH2O/L/seg, 4,8±1,1 cmH2O, 150,9±38,7 mL/s com a oclusão das narinas. No grupo controle, os valores médios foram 39,2±13,4 cmH2O/L/seg, 4,8±0,8 cmH2O, 133,9±50,2 mL/s, respectivamente para as mesmas variáveis. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p
Carolina Macedo Battaiola Brustello, Ana Paula Fukushiro, Renata Paciello Yamashita
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia
Philology. Linguistics, Otorhinolaryngology
Serum survey for antibodies to coronavirus, herpesvirus, calicivirus, and parvovirus in domestics cats from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Inquérito sorológico para anticorpos contra coronavírus, herpesvírus, calicivírus e parvovírus em gatos domésticos do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
J.M. Johann, C.F. Caetano, R. Hass, T.N. Guim, G. Fischer, G.D. Vargas, T. Vidor, S.O. Hübner
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
Co-circulation of Four Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs) in Queensland Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Illnesses in 2004
respiratory virus, coronavirus, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, real-time PCR, clinical impact
Acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) with unconfirmed infectious aetiologies peak at different times of the year. Molecular diagnostic assays reduce the number of unconfirmed ARIs compared to serology- or culture-based techniques. Screening of 888 inpatient and outpatient respiratory specimens spanning late autumn through to early spring, 2004, identified the presence of a human coronavirus (HCoV) on 74 occasions (8.3% of all specimens and 26.3% of all respiratory virus detections). Prevalence peaked in August (late winter in the southern hemisphere) when they were detected in 21.9% of specimens tested. HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43 comprised 82.4% of all HCoVs detected. Positive specimens were used to develop novel reverse transcriptase real-time PCRs (RT-rtPCRs) for HCoV detection. An objective clinical severity score was assigned to each positive HCoV patient. Severity scores were similar to those from a random selection of young children who were positive for respiratory syncytial virus at a different time but from the same specimen population. During the cooler months of 2004, sensitive and specific RT-rtPCRs identified the concurrent circulation of all four HCoVs, a quarter of which co-occurred with another virus and most of which were from children under the age of two years.
Theo P Sloots, Ristan M Greer, Michael D. Nissen, Peter K. McErlean, Nicholas T. O’Neil, Katherine E. Arden, David J. Speicher, Ian M Mackay
Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis: A Review of the Current Literature
diagnosis, FIP, Antibody, RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, IHC, immunocytochemistry, ICC
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease that poses several challenges for veterinarians: clinical signs and laboratory changes are non-specific, and there are two pathotypes of the etiologic agent feline coronavirus (FCoV), sometimes referred to as feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) that vary fundamentally in their virulence, but are indistinguishable by a number of diagnostic methods. This review focuses on all important steps every veterinary practitioner has to deal with and new diagnostic tests that can be considered when encountering a cat with suspected FIP with the aim to establish a definitive diagnosis. It gives an overview on all available direct and indirect diagnostic tests and their sensitivity and specificity reported in the literature in different sample material. By providing summarized data for sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic test and each sample material, which can easily be accessed in tables, this review can help to facilitate the interpretation of different diagnostic tests and raise awareness of their advantages and limitations. Additionally, diagnostic trees depict recommended diagnostic steps that should be performed in cats suspected of having FIP based on their clinical signs or clinicopathologic abnormalities. These steps can easily be followed in clinical practice.
Analysis of Secondary Structure Biases in Naturally Presented HLA-I Ligands
human leukocyte antigen, HLA-I ligand presentation, computational immunology, 3D structure, heuristic search, HLA-I motif-like peptides
Recent clinical developments in antitumor immunotherapy involving T-cell related therapeutics have led to a renewed interest for human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) binding peptides, given their potential use as peptide vaccines. Databases of HLA-I binding peptides hold therefore information on therapeutic targets essential for understanding immunity. In this work, we use in depth and accurate HLA-I peptidomics datasets determined by mass-spectrometry (MS) and analyze properties of the HLA-I binding peptides with structure-based computational approaches. HLA-I binding peptides are studied grouping all alleles together or in allotype-specific contexts. We capitalize on the increasing number of structurally determined proteins to (1) map the 3D structure of HLA-I binding peptides into the source proteins for analyzing their secondary structure and solvent accessibility in the protein context, and (2) search for potential differences between these properties in HLA-I binding peptides and in a reference dataset of HLA-I motif-like peptides. This is performed by an in-house developed heuristic search that considers peptides across all the human proteome and converges to a collection of peptides that exhibit exactly the same motif as the HLA-I peptides. Our results, based on 9-mers matched to protein 3D structures, clearly show enriched sampling for HLA-I presentation of helical fragments in the source proteins. This enrichment is significant, as compared to 9-mer HLA-I motif-like peptides, and is not entirely explained by the helical propensity of the preferred residues in the HLA-I motifs. We give possible hypothesis for the secondary structure biases observed in HLA-I peptides. This contribution is of potential interest for researchers working in the field of antigen presentation and proteolysis. This knowledge refines the understanding of the rules governing antigen presentation and could be added to the parameters of the current peptide-MHC class I binding predictors to increase their antigen predictive ability.
Marta A. S. Perez, Michal Bassani-Sternberg, George Coukos, David Gfeller, Vincent Zoete
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus S1 protein is the critical inducer of apoptosis
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), Spike S1 protein, apoptosis, Apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1)
Abstract Background Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease caused by PED virus (PEDV), characterized by vomitting, watery diarrhea and fatal dehydration with high mortality in sucking piglets of one week of age. Although PEDV induced cell apoptosis has been established in vitro and in vivo, the functional protein that contributes to this event remains unclear. Methods The activation or cleavage of main apoptosis-associated molecular such as AIFM1, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and PARP in PEDV infected host cells were analyzed by western blotting. The nuclear change of infected cell was monitored by confocal immunofluorescence assay. The overexpressing plasmids of 16 non-structural proteins (Nsp1–16) and 6 structural proteins (M, N, E, ORF3, S1 and S2) were constructed by cloning. Cell apoptosis induced by PEDV or overexpression non-structural or structural proteins was measured by the flow cytometry assay. Results PEDV could infect various host cells including Vero, Vero-E6 and Marc-145 and cause obvious cytopathic effects, including roundup, cell fusion, cell membrane vacuolation, syncytium formation and cause apparent apoptosis. In infected cells, PEDV-induced apoptosis is accompanied by nuclear concentration and fragmentation as a result of caspase-3 and caspase-8 activation and AIFM1 and PARP cleavage. Overexpression of S1 Spike protein of PEDV SM98 strain effectively induced host cell apoptosis, while the expression of the other non-structure proteins (Nsp1–16) and structural proteins (M, N, E, S2 and ORF3) has no or less effect on cell apoptosis. Similarly, expression of S1 protein from wild-type strain BJ2011 or cell-adapted strain CV777, also induce apoptosis in transfected cells. Finally, we demonstrated that the S1 proteins from various coronavirus family members such as TGEV, IBV, CCoV, SARS and MERS could also induce Vero-E6 cells apoptosis. Conclusion S1 Spike protein is one of the most critical functional proteins that contribute to cell apoptosis. Expression of S1 proteins of the coronavirus tested in this study could all induce cell apoptosis suggesting S1 maybe is an effective inducer in Coronavirus-induced cell apoptosis and targeting S1 protein expression probably is a promising strategy to inhibit coronavirus infection and thus mediated apoptosis on host cells.
Yifeng CHEN, Zhibang Zhang, Jie Li, Yueyi Gao, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Jun Han, Xin Guo, Hanchun Yang
Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion due to Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a case report
cerebral malaria, Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion, magnetic resonance imaging
Abstract Background Neurological complications from malaria cause significant morbidity and mortality. Severe cerebral malaria occurs as a result of intense sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the cerebral capillaries. However, the pathology of the reversible neurological symptoms remains unclear. We report the case of a patient with malaria who also had mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) causing transient neurological symptoms. Case presentation A 55-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital with acute fever upon returning from Nigeria. Blood smears and PCR analysis revealed ring forms in the erythrocytes, indicative of Plasmodium falciparum infection. He presented with dysarthria, expressive aphasia, and truncal ataxia, all of which were suggestive of cerebellar ataxia. He had no other signs or symptoms of severe malaria. Artemether/lumefantrine was started on the first day of illness. Although the parasites were undetectable on day 3 of illness, his neurological symptoms persisted. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a high-signal lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum on diffusion-weighted images along with a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient. The neurological symptoms gradually improved by day 12. Brain MRI on day 16 showed complete regression of the splenic lesion. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with MERS due to malaria. Conclusions MERS often causes transient headaches, seizures, and/or impaired consciousness. The symptoms are compatible with the reversible symptoms of cerebral malaria.
Momoko Mawatari, Tetsuro Kobayashi, Shinya Yamamoto, Nozomi Takeshita, Kayoko Hayakawa, Satoshi Kutsuna, Norio Ohmagari, Tomoyuki Noguchi, Yasuyuki Kato