Aplicaciones de la teoría del control a la economía
Econometría, Modelos macroeconométricos, Optimizacion de la economía, Teoría del control
La teoría del control se ha desarrollado y aplicado ampliamente en muchas áreas de la Ingeniería. En los últimos años se ha venido aplicando también, en campos diferentes a los de la ingeniería como por ejemplo en Ecología, Economía, diversas áreas de Biología, Sicología, etc.; con excelentes resultados. Los éxitos conseguidos derivan entre otros del hecho de que dichos campos encierran procesos claramente identificables como de control, y, evidentemente también, del gran avance logrado en el desarrollo de la teoría del control. En este articulo nos ocuparemos de las aplicaciones de la teoría del control a la Economía, específicamente a los modelos macroeconómicos. El trabajo es básicamente una recopilación de información relacionada con el tema, y pretende despertar el interés por él en nuestro medio. Al final se presenta una bibliografía extensa.
https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/19541
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Role of Cell Adhesion Molecules for Prognosis of Disease Development of Patients With and Without COVID-19 in the Emergency Department.
Wolfgang Bauer, Jannis Ulke, Noa Galtung, Leonore Claudia Strasser-Marsik, Nick Neuwinger, Rudolf Tauber, Rajan Somasundaram, Kai Kappert
Vascular Inflammation Is Associated with Loss of Aquaporin 1 Expression on Endothelial Cells and Increased Fluid Leakage in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Golden Syrian Hamsters
covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, vasculitis, vasculopathy, hamster, aquaporin-1
Vascular changes represent a characteristic feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leading to a breakdown of the vascular barrier and subsequent edema formation. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed characterization of the vascular alterations during SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate the impaired vascular integrity. Groups of ten golden Syrian hamsters were infected intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 or phosphate-buffered saline (mock infection). Necropsies were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Lung samples were investigated using hematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue, immunohistochemistry targeting aquaporin 1, CD3, CD204, CD31, laminin, myeloperoxidase, SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein, and transmission electron microscopy. SARS-CoV-2 infected animals showed endothelial hypertrophy, endothelialitis, and vasculitis. Inflammation mainly consisted of macrophages and lower numbers of T-lymphocytes and neutrophils/heterophils infiltrating the vascular walls as well as the perivascular region at 3 and 6 dpi. Affected vessels showed edema formation in association with loss of aquaporin 1 on endothelial cells. In addition, an ultrastructural investigation revealed disruption of the endothelium. Summarized, the presented findings indicate that loss of aquaporin 1 entails the loss of intercellular junctions resulting in paracellular leakage of edema as a key pathogenic mechanism in SARS-CoV-2 triggered pulmonary lesions.
Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Eva Leitzen, Vanessa Herder, Lisa Allnoch, Georg Beythien, Kathrin Becker, Franz-Josef Kaup, Stephanie Stanelle-Bertram, Berfin Schaumburg, Nancy Mounogou Kouassi, Sebastian Beck, Martin Zickler, Gülsah Gabriel
Intensive Care Risk Estimation in COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Clinical and Imaging Parameters: Experiences from the Munich Cohort
Computed tomography, Intensive care unit, clinical parameters, radiological parameters, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
The evolving dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the increasing infection numbers require diagnostic tools to identify patients at high risk for a severe disease course. Here we evaluate clinical and imaging parameters for estimating the need of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. We collected clinical, laboratory and imaging data from 65 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Two radiologists evaluated the severity of findings in computed tomography (CT) images on a scale from 1 (no characteristic signs of COVID-19) to 5 (confluent ground glass opacities in over 50% of the lung parenchyma). The volume of affected lung was quantified using commercially available software. Machine learning modelling was performed to estimate the risk for ICU treatment. Patients with a severe course of COVID-19 had significantly increased interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocyte counts and significantly decreased lymphocyte counts. The radiological severity grading was significantly increased in ICU patients. Multivariate random forest modelling showed a mean ± standard deviation sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 0.72 ± 0.1, 0.86 ± 0.16 and 0.80 ± 0.1 and a receiver operating characteristic-area under curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.79 ± 0.1. The need for ICU treatment is independently associated with affected lung volume, radiological severity score, CRP, and IL-6.
Wolfgang Huber, Ulrike Protzer, Roland M Schmid, Marcus R. Makowski, Gerhard Schneider, Markus Schwaiger, Tobias Lahmer, Christoph D. Spinner, Michael Dommasch, Fabian Geisler, Egon Burian, Rickmer F Braren, Georgios A Kaissis, Fabian K Lohöfer, Friederike Jungmann, Matthias Treiber
nuclear export, CRM1, Selinexor, Leptomycin B, High-Content Screening (HCS), natural products (NP)
The transport through the nuclear pore complex is used by cancer cells to evade tumor-suppressive mechanisms. Several tumor-suppressors have been shown to be excluded from the cell nucleus in cancer cells by the nuclear export receptor CRM1 and abnormal expression of CRM1 is oncogenic. Inhibition of CRM1 has long been postulated as potential approach for the treatment of cancer and to overcome therapy resistance. Furthermore, the nuclear export of viral components mediated by the CRM1 is crucial in various stages of the viral lifecycle and assembly of many viruses from diverse families, including coronavirus. However, the first nuclear export inhibitors failed or never entered into clinical trials. More recently CRM1 reemerged as a cancer target and a successful proof of concept was achieved with the clinical approval of Selinexor. The chemical complexity of natural products is a promising perspective for the discovery of new nuclear export inhibitors with a favorable toxicity profile. Several screening campaigns have been performed and several natural product-based nuclear export inhibitors have been identified. With this review we give an overview over the role of CRM1-mediated nuclear export in cancer and the effort made to identify and develop nuclear export inhibitors in particular from natural sources.
Wolfgang LINK, Bastien Cautain, Bibiana I Ferreira, Inês Grenho
HERRAMIENTAS PARA UN PROGRAMA DE MEJORAMIENTO GENÉTICO DEL GUAYABO (Psidium guajava L.) EN CUBA
Guayabo, biodiversidad, fitomejoramiento, marcadores moleculares
El objetivo del presente trabajo es desarrollar un programa de mejoramiento genético del guayabo (Psidium guajava L.) en Cuba, que contribuya a un uso más eficiente de los recursos fitogenéticos del cultivo. El mismo comienza a partir de la colección, con la prospección de genotipos autóctonos, la introducción de accesiones y parientes silvestres con origen geográfico diverso. Dichas actividades son vitales para el posterior enriquecimiento y mantenimiento de la colección, unido a las diferentes formas de propagación sexual y asexual que garantizan la multiplicación del material y permiten crear nuevas fuentes de variabilidad y una vez establecida, se procede a su caracterización. Para esto se refieren un grupo de descriptores mínimos que pueden ser útiles para homogenizar estudios de este tipo a nivel internacional y para la confección de catálogos de cultivares, con gran demanda por parte de productores y especialistas. Para el manejo racional del germoplasma es necesario conocer la variabilidad existente; en este sentido, se recomiendan caracteres morfológicos altamente discriminativos así como marcadores moleculares AFLP y SSR, cuya combinación permite identificar accesiones y formar grupos de diversidad, no solo en guayabo sino también en otros representantes de Myrtaceae. Todo este análisis integral garantiza un proceso de selección más eficiente de genotipos promisorios para diferentes propósitos (mejoramiento, conservación y comercialización). Sobre esta base se recomiendan cruzamientos que pueden servir para la evaluación de híbridos con características comerciales deseables, además del desarrollo de un mapa de ligamiento genético y la asociación a QTLs, como primer paso para una futura selección asistida por marcadores. Se destaca también el papel del cultivo de tejidos, como método alternativo de conservación y para el mejoramiento del guayabo, a través de los principales resultados obtenidos en el país.
Wolfgang Rohde, Juliette Valdés-Infante, Narciso Nerdo Rodríguez, Josefa Bárbara Velásquez, Darío Gaspar Sourd, Gonzalo González, Julio Alberto Rodríguez
Statistical Analysis of Clinical COVID-19 Data: A Concise Overview of Lessons Learned, Common Errors and How to Avoid Them
immortal time bias, Time dependent bias, Competing events, time-varying exposure, competing risk bias, time-to-event analysis
Martin Wolkewitz,1 Jerome Lambert,1 Maja von Cube,1 Lars Bugiera,1 Marlon Grodd,1 Derek Hazard,1 Nicole White,2 Adrian Barnett,2 Klaus Kaier1 1Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 2School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaCorrespondence: Klaus KaierInstitute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyEmail kaier@imbi.uni-freiburg.deAbstract: By definition, in-hospital patient data are restricted to the time between hospital admission and discharge (alive or dead). For hospitalised cases of COVID-19, a number of events during hospitalization are of interest regarding the influence of risk factors on the likelihood of experiencing these events. The same is true for predicting times from hospital admission of COVID-19 patients to intensive care or from start of ventilation (invasive or non-invasive) to extubation. This logical restriction of the data to the period of hospitalisation is associated with a substantial risk that inappropriate methods are used for analysis. Here, we briefly discuss the most common types of bias which can occur when analysing in-hospital COVID-19 data.Keywords: competing risk bias, immortal-time bias, competing events, time-dependent bias, time-varying exposure, time-to-event analysis
Wolkewitz M, Lambert J, von Cube M, Bugiera L, Grodd M, Hazard D, White N, Barnett A, Kaier K
Preventive Behavioral Responses to the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak in Korea
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, disease prevention and control, Disease Outbreaks, health survey
This study examined the public’s preventive behavioral responses during the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in Korea and the influencing factors. Two cross-sectional telephone surveys were conducted by Gallup Korea using random digit dialing in June 2015 (n = 2004). The main outcome variables were nonpharmaceutical preventive measures (survey (1): Measures for reducing transmission (handwashing, face masks); and survey (2): Measures for avoiding contact with others). Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing preventive behaviors. In survey (1), 60.3% of respondents reported more frequent handwashing and 15.5% reported wearing face masks at least once due to the MERS-CoV epidemic. In survey (2), 41−56% of respondents reported practicing avoidance measures. The concerned group was more likely to practice reducing transmission measures (odds ratio (OR) 4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3−6.1) and avoidance measures (OR = 9.6; 95% CI, 6.4−14.4). The respondents who had low trust in president or ruling party had a higher practice rate of reducing transmission measures (OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2−2.6) and avoidance measures (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2−3.5). Cooperative prevention measures need appropriated public concern based on effective risk communication.
Won Mo Jang, Sang Hyun Cho, Deok Hyun Jang, Un-Na Kim, Hyemin Jung, Jin Yong Lee, Sang Jun Eun
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The interdependent complexity of disaster and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
Does VR Tourism Enhance Users’ Experience?
covid-19, Tourism, utilitarian value, hedonic value, visit intention, VR experience
The importance of non-face-to-face tourism is growing due to the impact of COVID-19, and VR (virtual reality) is attracting attention as a solution to this need. This research investigates the antecedents of utilitarian and hedonic values based on the experience of VR tourism and identifies the relations between values and user visit intention. We performed an empirical study with data collected from 207 respondents from major VR online user communities. The results of the research show the antecedents of utilitarian value to be information access, flow, and interactivity; whereas the antecedents of hedonic value are flow, interactivity, and telepresence. Utilitarian and hedonic values both positively affect user visit intention. The results also show group differences in the relationship between research variables according to the personal degree of extraversion. These results provide key understandings to enable the adoption of the VR technology in tourism.
Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences