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                <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <text>Atmospheric Emissions in Ports Due to Maritime Traffic in Mexico</text>
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              <text>Gilberto Fuentes García, Rodolfo Sosa Echeverría, José María Baldasano Recio, Jonathan D. W. Kahl, Elías Granados Hernández, Ana Luisa Alarcón Jímenez, Rafael Esteban Antonio Durán</text>
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              <text>Atmospheric emissions from vessels at 38 Pacific and Gulf-Caribbean Mexican ports were determined for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulates, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide. The emissions have been estimated using a bottom-up methodology in the maneuver and hoteling phases, by vessel type, from 2005 to 2020. Maritime traffic in Mexico’s Pacific zone contributes approximately with 60% of the country’s total ship emissions, with the remaining 40% in Gulf-Caribbean ports. The highest atmospheric emissions were found at the Manzanillo and Lázaro Cárdenas ports on the Pacific coast, as well as the Altamira and Veracruz ports on the Gulf-Caribbean coast. The contribution of the atmospheric emissions by vessel type at Pacific ports was Container 67%, Bulk Carrier 32%, Tanker 0.8%, and RoRo 0.4%. For Gulf-Caribbean ports it was Container 76%, Bulk Carrier 19%, Tanker 3%, and RoRo 2%. This study incorporates the International Maritime Organization implementations on reductions of sulfur content in marine fuel, from 4.5% mass by mass from 2005 to 2011, to 3.5% from 2012 to 2019, to 0.5% beginning in 2020. Overall, sulfur dioxide emissions were reduced by 89%.</text>
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              <text>2021</text>
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              <text>air pollution, atmospheric emissions, emission factor, hoteling phase, maneuvering phase, maritime zone</text>
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          <name>Identifier</name>
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              <text>10.3390/jmse9111186</text>
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          <name>Source</name>
          <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <text>Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</text>
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          <name>Publisher</name>
          <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <text>MDPI AG</text>
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          <name>Coverage</name>
          <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <text>Oceanography, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering</text>
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          <description>A related resource</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/11/1186" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/11/1186&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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