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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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              <text>The Phylogeography of MERS-CoV in Hospital Outbreak-Associated Cases Compared to Sporadic Cases in Saudi Arabia</text>
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              <text>Xin Chen, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, Chandini Raina MacIntyre, Matthew Scotch, Sacha Stelzer-Braid, Dillon Charles Adam</text>
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              <text>This study compared the phylogeography of MERS-CoV between hospital outbreak-associated cases and sporadic cases in Saudi Arabia. We collected complete genome sequences from human samples in Saudi Arabia and data on the multiple risk factors of human MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia reported from 2012 to 2018. By matching each sequence to human cases, we identified isolates as hospital outbreak-associated cases or sporadic cases. We used Bayesian phylogenetic methods including temporal, discrete trait analysis and phylogeography to uncover transmission routes of MERS-CoV isolates between hospital outbreaks and sporadic cases. Of the 120 sequences collected between 19 June 2012 and 23 January 2017, there were 64 isolates from hospital outbreak-associated cases and 56 from sporadic cases. Overall, MERS-CoV is fast evolving at 7.43 × 10−4 substitutions per site per year. Isolates from hospital outbreaks showed unusually fast evolutionary speed in a shorter time-frame than sporadic cases. Multiple introductions of different MERS-CoV strains occurred in three separate hospital outbreaks. MERS-CoV appears to be mutating in humans. The impact of mutations on viruses transmissibility in humans is unknown.</text>
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              <text>2020</text>
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              <text>Epidemiology, Phylogeography, phylogenetics, nosocomial, MERS-CoV, hospital outbreaks</text>
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          <name>Identifier</name>
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              <text>DOI: 10.3390/v12050540</text>
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              <text>Viruses</text>
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          <name>Publisher</name>
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              <text>MDPI AG</text>
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          <name>Coverage</name>
          <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <text>Microbiology</text>
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