Role of Renin-Angiotensin System in Acute Lung Injury Caused by Viral Infection

Role of Renin-Angiotensin System in Acute Lung Injury Caused by Viral Infection

Gao YL, Du Y, Zhang C, Cheng C, Yang HY, Jin YF, Duan GC, Chen SY

Yan-Lei Gao,* Yue Du,* Chao Zhang, Cheng Cheng, Hai-Yan Yang, Yue-Fei Jin, Guang-Cai Duan, Shuai-Yin Chen Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Guang-Cai Duan; Shuai-Yin Chen Email sychen@zzu.edu.cnAbstract: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the most important regulatory system of electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure and acts through angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor axis and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin (1-7)/MAS receptor axis. RAS dysfunction is related to the occurrence and development of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and causes a serious prognosis and even death. ALI/ARDS can be induced by various ways, one of which is viral infections, such as SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, H5N1, H7N9, and EV71. This article reviews the specific mechanism on how RAS dysfunction affects ALI/ARDs caused by viral infections. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 enter the host cells by binding with ACE2. H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza viruses reduce the ACE2 level in the body, and EV71 increases Ang II concentration. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin AT1 receptor blocker can alleviate ALI/ARDS symptoms. This review provides suggestions for the treatment of lung injury caused by viral infections.Keywords: renin angiotensin system, acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, viral infection

2020

virus infection, renin angiotensin system, acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Biotemas

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Infectious and parasitic diseases