Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Ram Bahadur Khadka, Ravin Bhandari, Rabin Gyawali, Balram Neupane, Dhakaraj Pant

An acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) episode was first identified in Wuhan, China, and later officiallydesignated as COVID-19 by the WHO. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2 that is likely associated with zoonotictransmission. Based on the live data from live reference website Worldometer which provides counters and realtime statistics for diverse topics data, COVID-19 has influenced 186 nations. China reported 25% of cases, while75% of the remaining cases were reported in other nations. The clinical and genetic characteristics of SARSCoV-2 support the similar pathogenesis pattern between SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The elevated level ofcytokine release during the infection caused the failure of multiple organs leading to the patient death. Treatmentof patients depends on the clinical course and symptoms associated with the COVID-19. Several prevention andcontrol measures including; active surveillance, use of masks, and hand sanitizers are recommended to stop thespread of this virus. Besides, COVID-19 was sampled using a throat swab to detect the viral nucleic acid usingReal Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), for early detection and treatments evaluation. In this review,we comprehensively summarized the COVID-19 epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis, using suitableliteratures obtained from reliable sources.

2020

epidemiology, MERS-CoV, coronavirus, pathogenesis, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2

10.21608/nrmj.2020.84016

Novel Research in Microbiology Journal

Ain Shams University

Microbiology