RICE CULTIVATION IN AN EBBTIDE SYSTEM IN THE MARANHÃO LOWLANDS, SOUTHEASTERN PERIPHERY OF AMAZONIA A CULTURA DO ARROZ EM SISTEMA DE VAZANTE NA BAIXADA MARANHENSE, PERIFERIA DO SUDESTE DA AMAZÔNIA

RICE CULTIVATION IN AN EBBTIDE SYSTEM IN THE MARANHÃO LOWLANDS, SOUTHEASTERN PERIPHERY OF AMAZONIA A CULTURA DO ARROZ EM SISTEMA DE VAZANTE NA BAIXADA MARANHENSE, PERIFERIA DO SUDESTE DA AMAZÔNIA

Marcelino Silva Farias Filho, Altamiro Souza de Lima Ferraz Júnior

<!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --> <p style='margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'><span style='color: #000000;'><span style='font-family: Times New Roman,serif;'><span style='font-size: small;'><span lang='en-US'>Agricultural production in the Maranhão State, southeastern periphery of Amazonia, Brazil, is predominantly smallholder-based and uses slash-and-burn technology. Nevertheless, other environmentally less aggressive land use systems are also relevant for food production, especially the so-called ebbtide system, in the Maranhão lowlands. This paper describes and evaluates ebbtide production, within the landless settlement project “Diamante Negro/Jutaí”, located in Monção and Igarapé do Meio, municipalities of the Maranhão lowlands. Our farmer-based assessment consisted of interviews with 14 farmers and </span><span lang='en-US'><em>in loco</em></span><span lang='en-US'> observations. Furthermore, an agroecological assessment was conducted, based on participative field experimentation, with 15 local farmers. The main factors causing rice productivity losses are related to hydric stress situations and rodents (</span><span lang='en-US'><em>Arvicola sapidus</em></span><span lang='en-US'>). The productivity and milling yield of improved rice varieties did not differ statistically. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style='text-indent: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'> </p> <p style='margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'><span style='color: #000000;'><span style='font-family: Times New Roman,serif;'><span style='font-size: small;'>KEY-WORDS: <span lang='en-US'>Rice; Maranhão lowlands; smallholder agriculture; ebbtide production.</span></span></span></span></p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:AutoHyphenation /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState='false' LatentStyleCount='156'> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid='clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D' id=ieooui></object> <style>
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 </style> <![endif]--><!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --> <p style='margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'><span style='color: #000000;'><span style='font-family: Times New Roman,serif;'><span style='font-size: small;'>A produção agrícola do Maranhão advém, em grande parte, da agricultura familiar, no tradicional sistema de corte e queima. Entretanto, outros sistemas agrícolas menos agressivos ao ambiente figuram no Estado, como mantenedores da produção de alimentos. Dentre eles, a agricultura de vazante, desenvolvida na Baixada Maranhense, assume posição de destaque. A pesquisa caracterizou e avaliou esse sistema de produção. Foram realizadas observações de campo, nas diversas localidades pertencentes ao Assentamento Diamante Negro/Jutaí, cujo território abrange áreas dos municípios de Monção e Igarapé do Meio, na Baixada Maranhense. A avaliação do sistema, sob a ótica do agricultor, foi realizada com base na aplicação de questionários a 14 agricultores e observações <em>in loco</em>. A avaliação do sistema, do ponto de vista da Agroecologia, foi feita a partir de experimentação participativa, com quinze agricultores das comunidades analisadas. As principais perdas observadas na cultura do arroz estão relacionadas com o estresse hídrico das plantas e com o ataque de roedores (<em>Arvicola sapidus</em>). A produtividade e o rendimento de engenho dos genótipos inseridos não diferiram estatisticamente. </span></span></span></p> <p style='text-indent: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'> </p> <p style='margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;' lang='pt-BR' align='justify'><span style='color: #000000;'><span style='font-family: Times New Roman,serif;'><span style='font-size: small;'>PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Arroz; Maranhão; agricultura familiar; agricultura de vazante.</span></span></span></p>

2009

Agricultura Familiar, Maranhão, agricultura de vazante, arroz

10.5216/pat.v39i2.4597

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

Universidade Federal de Goiás

Agriculture (General)